Tandems (and push pulls, maybe?)

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pigeon

Recruit
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May 12, 2024
Something that has seen surprisingly little discussion even here.

Why was there no successful tandem or push pull twin? The only ones to ever reach production (sorta kinda) I can think of were the VB 10 and Do 335 respectively. Both pretty much pointless by the time they came out, Do 335's job taken over by 262s, and the VB getting sorted out about a year before Mig 15.

Now there's obviously a lot of very good reasons (financial, logistical, etc) to not make a twin engined "pure" fighter. What I'm more interested here is purely technical issues, and what, if anything, could have been done to remedy them.

So, maybe?

Tandems: routing the power from rear engine. Not enough room for driveshaft in the "Vee". Seen numbers like 70mm for the "cannon hole" in DB's. Hissos being the least cramped, and that's what the only serious experiments I know of were made with IIRC (the VB 10 and Bolkhovitinov Sparka). Rear engine needed gearing just to raise the driveline, and if you did the logical thing also having it be the actual reduction gear, you now had torque multiplication to deal with. Pretty much anything with remote drive had the shaft run at engine rpms with gearbox mounted at the prop, the only exception I can think of was Do 335 but that driveshaft was absolutely massive. Then again, Fiat AS6 somehow managed to run not one, but two, concentric, geared down driveshafts through it's front half...

Push pulls: all kinds of trouble with rear engine. Prop striking runway (or bailing pilot), crap getting thrown into prop by landing gear. Some aerodynamic inefficiency (how much? Fokker D23 did pretty well for it's size vs combined power). Central nacelle getting overcrowded in twin boom designs. Possible vibration issues for rear prop right behind the wing, especially when the pilot really hauls back on the stick with combat flaps out?

Cooling issues for both, along with all the serviceability crap that comes along with buried engines?

Maybe not strictly a topic for this thread, but why not a v16-v24 with central power takeoff? Chrysler made one, and it supposedly worked pretty well, just too late. The concept itself was certainly known (Bugatti U16).
 
The D.23 had well known cooling issues that were never fully resolved. Another problem was that the pilot was pretty much trapped. They would be hit by the aft propellor when bailing out. Fokker had a solution for that, but it was never satisfactory.
 
The D.23 had well known cooling issues that were never fully resolved. Another problem was that the pilot was pretty much trapped. They would be hit by the aft propellor when bailing out. Fokker had a solution for that, but it was never satisfactory.
Well it only flew with air cooled Walter Sagittas. Production versions were supposed to have Kestrels IIRC. Might have still been a problem, but solvable at least in theory.
 
Now there's obviously a lot of very good reasons (financial, logistical, etc) to not make a twin engined "pure" fighter. What I'm more interested here is purely technical issues, and what, if anything, could have been done to remedy them.

So, maybe?
Well, they violate the KISS principle.
Pretty much the only reason to resort to them is if you don't have a powerful enough single engine.
You are trying to use cleverness to overcome the drag of the normal twin tractor set up.

I am not sure were the two side by side engines geared together fall in here.
320px-P75A_Eagle.jpg

P-75.
It does show some of the problems with twin concept. You have to cool both engines and unless you are very very tricky that means twice the drag for the radiators and oil coolers.
Now for the US it also ran into the fact that by the time this thing flew in Nov 1943 (in cruder form) the P-47 was within a few weeks of being fitted with paddle blade props and water injection and drop tanks. R-2800 was giving about 2300hp compared to the 2600hp in the early V-3420 engine.

There was a tandem Soviet high speed bomber. But while skinny it was also freakishly long.
S-2M-103-6.jpg

You get the small frontal area, You also have the crap view over the nose, and for a bomber, no good place to put the bombs.
In the picture one prop is turning, the other stationary.
By the time you fit a decent bomb-bay and enough fuel to actually go very far the drag has increase to the point where the tandem engine arrangement isn't getting you that much.

Now for a fighter you don't need a bomb bay and you need less fuel so maybe you fit that stuff in the wing. You do have a CG problem and there is no way to get around the poor view, unless you jack up the cockpit which kind of ruins the whole idea.
Kawasaki tried the cockpit between the engine trick like the VB 10 with the Ki-64
See

If you are not already aware of it. Japanese tried to get around the cooling problem by using evaporative cooling in the wing surfaces.
also see
for some drawings showing the layout.
Let's remember that the drive shaft in the P-39 weighed about 50lbs and they needed to make the fuselage about 50lbs heavier to keep the bending to about 1in the 10 ft and they needed a universal joint in the drive shaft.
Actually getting the front and rear engines to play well together was often a problem.
 

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