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Kawanishi_E11K-1
Development and design
In 1936 the Imperial Japanese Navy drew up a requirement for an aircraft to replace the Aichi Type 96 Reconnaissance Seaplane as a specialised night reconnaissance aircraft, intended to spot naval gunfire in night actions and to shadow enemy forces at night, allowing submarines to be directed to targets.[1] The requirement was passed to Aichi and Kawanishi, with both companies producing aircraft to meet the navy's needs. While Aichi produced a biplane similar to the aircraft that was to be replaced, Kawanishi designed a gull winged cantilever monoplane. It was powered by a single pusher Hiro Type 91 w engine strut mounted above the wing driving a four-bladed propeller, with its radiator mounted in a fairing above the rear fuselage so that it was located in the propeller's slipstream. It was fitted with retractable wingtip floats, while its wings folded to aid storage aboard the cruisers of the Japanese Navy.
The first of two prototypes of Kawanishi's design, the Experimental 11-Shi Special Reconnaissance Seaplane,[a] with the short designation E11K, made its maiden flight on 11 June 1937. It proved to have poor stability and water handling, while the engine installtion overheated. It was unsuitable for the night reconnaissance role, with the Aichi design proving generally superior and being ordered into production as the Aichi E11A.
Operational history
The two prototypes were fitted with retractable beaching gear, in order to be serve as a utility transport aircraft, and was accepted into service by the Japanese Navy as the Type 96 Transport. These aircraft were used as liaison aircraft for reconnaissance seaplane squadrons and remained in use well into the Second World War.
Specifications
Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941[5]
General characteristics
Crew: 3
Length: 11.90 m (39 ft 1 in)
Wingspan: 16.19 m (53 ft 1 in)
Height: 4.504 m (14 ft 9 in) (Transport aircraft 4.40 m (14 ft 5.25 in))
Wing area: 38 m2 (410 sq ft)
Empty weight: 2,170 kg (4,784 lb) (Transport aircraft 2,720 kg (5,996 lb))
Gross weight: 3,300 kg (7,275 lb) (Transport aircraft 3,860 kg (8,509 lb))
Powerplant: 1 × Hiro Type 91-1 water-cooled twelve-cylinder w engine, 450 kW (600 hp)
Propellers: 4-bladed
Performance
Maximum speed: 232 km/h; 144 mph (125 kn)
Cruise speed: 130 km/h; 81 mph (70 kn)
Range: 1,519 km; 944 mi (820 nmi)
Endurance: 8.4 hr
Service ceiling: 3,795 m (12,451 ft)
In 1936 the Imperial Japanese Navy drew up a requirement for an aircraft to replace the Aichi Type 96 Reconnaissance Seaplane as a specialised night reconnaissance aircraft, intended to spot naval gunfire in night actions and to shadow enemy forces at night, allowing submarines to be directed to targets.[1] The requirement was passed to Aichi and Kawanishi, with both companies producing aircraft to meet the navy's needs. While Aichi produced a biplane similar to the aircraft that was to be replaced, Kawanishi designed a gull winged cantilever monoplane. It was powered by a single pusher Hiro Type 91 w engine strut mounted above the wing driving a four-bladed propeller, with its radiator mounted in a fairing above the rear fuselage so that it was located in the propeller's slipstream. It was fitted with retractable wingtip floats, while its wings folded to aid storage aboard the cruisers of the Japanese Navy.
The first of two prototypes of Kawanishi's design, the Experimental 11-Shi Special Reconnaissance Seaplane,[a] with the short designation E11K, made its maiden flight on 11 June 1937. It proved to have poor stability and water handling, while the engine installtion overheated. It was unsuitable for the night reconnaissance role, with the Aichi design proving generally superior and being ordered into production as the Aichi E11A.
Operational history
The two prototypes were fitted with retractable beaching gear, in order to be serve as a utility transport aircraft, and was accepted into service by the Japanese Navy as the Type 96 Transport. These aircraft were used as liaison aircraft for reconnaissance seaplane squadrons and remained in use well into the Second World War.
Specifications
Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941[5]
General characteristics
Crew: 3
Length: 11.90 m (39 ft 1 in)
Wingspan: 16.19 m (53 ft 1 in)
Height: 4.504 m (14 ft 9 in) (Transport aircraft 4.40 m (14 ft 5.25 in))
Wing area: 38 m2 (410 sq ft)
Empty weight: 2,170 kg (4,784 lb) (Transport aircraft 2,720 kg (5,996 lb))
Gross weight: 3,300 kg (7,275 lb) (Transport aircraft 3,860 kg (8,509 lb))
Powerplant: 1 × Hiro Type 91-1 water-cooled twelve-cylinder w engine, 450 kW (600 hp)
Propellers: 4-bladed
Performance
Maximum speed: 232 km/h; 144 mph (125 kn)
Cruise speed: 130 km/h; 81 mph (70 kn)
Range: 1,519 km; 944 mi (820 nmi)
Endurance: 8.4 hr
Service ceiling: 3,795 m (12,451 ft)