I've never seen an elevator position indicator on any B-17 instrument panel (but I've not seen them all). I just checked my B-17F manual and its not there.
Looks like an early angle-of-attack indicator given its nose up/down indication.
It really looks to me to be a post WWII instrument. The mounting bracket method was not common in US WWII aircraft.
I believe that most US bomber aircraft were mainly 24vDC systems, and this indicator is marked 12v, another clue that its not a B-17.
I'm happy to be corrected!