I am not sure that some of the aromatic compounds were any less dangerous (Benzine?) , not to say there aren't some carcinogenic compounds in diesel exhaust.
The high octane/performance number fuels of the last part of WW II and during the 40s and 50s required a disproportionate amount of crude oil/base stock. You got much fewer gallons of high performance fuel per barrel of crude oil/base stock than for lower grades of fuel. They also required much more elaborate refinery set-ups and often large quantities of materials from the chemical industry.