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When reading Theodore Roscoe's Submarine Operations in WW2, torpedo duds in USN subs was a great morale issue with the crews. His chapter on Torpedoes is enlightening (finally re-read it). Magnetic exploder device issues. Always random duds. Deep running. Premature exploders. Runaway and circling torpedoes.
The Shuttle was designed by NASA for NASA, to be operated by NASA, and all other launch systems were to be phased out to prevent competition with it.
The IJN used hydrogen peroxide which is not ideal.
Works nice but created a shed load of issues.
I worked (briefly) for an aviation component manufacturer. I heard my one aviation joke there.Last I had heard, neither Thiokol (the contractor for the SRB) nor Rockwell (the builder of the Shuttle, and prime contractor for the STS) were government-owned enterprises. The Challenger Disaster was because of a design flaw (Thiokol's responsibility) compounded by a management culture at NASA which put schedule above all else.
There were alternatives to the Thiokol SRB design, and there are O-rings that are made of elastomers that don't become brittle at normal ambient temperatures.
For the STS design history, start here: Aircraft Systems Engineering
The IJN used pure oxygen.The secret is in the sauce.
The IJN used hydrogen peroxide which is not ideal.
Works nice but created a shed load of issues.
So it's not a simple case of this and that. Hydrogen peroxide and pure oxygen have issues. So it's not straight forward choices. It's whether you can live with them.
The Type 93 is just propaganda so I would not bother with such nonsense. So closing with enemy cruiser or destroyer formation is fine.
We will never know.I think The B. was being facetious
From what I can remember pressurised Oxygen had to be treated as an explosion/fire risk. HTPeroxide was treated as hazardous but only on the same level as say concentrated acids. Both are nasty and need to be treated carefully but Oxygen will kill you three ways before breakfast.
Operation Torch.Probably not helped by being built from high Magnesium content alloys
NASA thunk up the idea that the Shuttle would meet all launch requirements, thereby making manned spaceflight jobs bulletproof by being the only approved game in town. The unmanned missions need no special justification; they had become the equivalent of utilities and everybody wanted them.
Meeting the USAF requirements meant polar orbit missions would be required. And since the vehicle was manned, it had to be able to abort on the first orbit. Given the rotation of the Earth and the fact that the most useful polar orbits actually required the trajectory be somewhat West of due South, that meant the vehicle would arrive at the end of its first orbit over a vast amount of open sea, with no place to land. Since changing orbital inclinations was essentially impossible, that meant the Shuttle had to fly, in the atmosphere, at least a couple of thousand miles to reach a suitable landing site. NASA referred to this as "the Air Force Cross Range Requirement" but in fact it was a consequence of the NASA requirement that the vehicle handle all payloads and that it be manned.
The British used torpedoes with the air "enriched" by extra oxygen between the wars. I believe only on cruisers?
From what I can remember pressurised Oxygen had to be treated as an explosion/fire risk. HTPeroxide was treated as hazardous but only on the same level as say concentrated acids. Both are nasty and need to be treated carefully but Oxygen will kill you three ways before breakfast.