Junkers F-13 (1 Viewer)

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johnbr

2nd Lieutenant
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5,140
Jun 23, 2006
London Ontario Canada
The era of commercial aviation begins
While the Junkers J.1 drew the world's attention to the ideas of Prof. Junkers, the F-13 justified the later fame and dominance of the Junkers company. The F-13 was the first airliner in the world. It initiated the civilian transport of people across the air. Their secret of success: the closed heatable passenger cabin, the future-oriented design, the increased safety of flights and the low maintenance costs based on the light metal construction and the single engine.

Immediately after the war began in November 1918, the construction work on the Junkers F-13 under the direction of chief designer Otto Reuter (The then Junkers designation "F" stood for "airliner", a "G" for "large aircraft" and a "K" for "warplane"). In the war years, a new construction method was developed at Junkers and developed to the highest perfection - namely the timbered construction of wing, tail and fuselage based on hardened aluminum tubes as well as the planking with corrugated also hardened aluminum sheets of 0.3 mm thickness. The waves were aligned along the direction of flight. The result: an extremely light but heavy-duty aircraft that has been resistant to wind, rain and snow for many years. A survey from 1939 confirmed that the life of 1920 built Junkers aircraft still can not be estimated.

The F-13 for four to five passengers and two pilots (with dual control!) Launched on June 25, 1919 for their first flight. In the meantime, after the delivery of 227 fighter jets J.4, 41 fighter jets J.9 and 47 fighter jets J.10 at Junkers they mastered the flight mechanics and control technology of monoplanes. The first F-13 immediately set a sensational altitude record with six crew members of over 7,000 meters. And even the high cruising speed of 175 km / h astonished for such a large aircraft. However, the most impressive of all was the high level of flight safety, which resulted from the low-wing construction, the low wing loading, the good visibility for the pilots and the dual control, the large control surfaces, the weatherproof construction and control technology due to the introduction of trim tanks. This safety, coupled with the speed and convenience of the cabin, also convinced the new German Republican government to use this plane to transport to the government negotiations in Weimar.

The first F-13 received the historical code "D-1". As late as 1939, the D-1 was on duty at Deutsche Lufthansa and performed phenomenally 1,000 annual flying hours a year on the relatively short distances. An F-13 with the factory number 545 reached in 1938 over one million air miles. A total of about 350 aircraft F-13 were built from 1919 to 1930.

From the F-13 was 1926, the W -33 as a seaplane for the postal and passenger transport. The W-33 has a slightly larger wing, a Jumo L-5 engine instead of the L-2 engine. However, the most important change concerns the passenger cabin. This was enlarged by two seats to the rear. With the W-33L "Bremen" the first Atlantic crossing was achieved in 1928 against the west wind blowing at an average of 80 km / h in the direction of the USA.

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Specifications F-13: Use: Passenger airplane for 4 pass .;
Engine: 1 x Junkers L-2 with 230 HP;
Starting mass: 1850 kg; Preparation mass: 1150 kg;
Span: 17.8 m; Wing area: 40 square meters; Length: 10.5 m; Height: 3.5 m;
Maximum speed: 205 km / h; Range: 1200 km
 

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