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Comments and Thoughts?
- Ivan.
My own opinion is that it would have done quite well and would not have been out of place but it would also depend on what altitude it had to fight at. At low altitudes, it was pretty hot, but typical combat against bomber escorts was much higher in Europe and although its altitude performance was good by Japanese standards, it wasn't good by European standards.
(1560 HP @ 17,900 feet Military Rating)
Then again, if it was operated in Europe, it probably would have had better than the Japanese Navy 92 octane fuel and would not have needed water-methanol injection most of the time.
As for swapping engines, the whole concept of this aeroplane was to fit a very large diameter high powered bomber engine into a fighter.
The engine was very wide but not very deep, so I am guessing that to convert to a P&W R-2800 would require quite a bit of structural modification.
As for using the additional power, I do not believe this would have been a bit deal..............
..................With better fuel, perhaps the volume taken by this 120 liter tank could be used for additional fuel.
Comments and Thoughts?
As to propellers, they were sometimes matched to expected altitudes. The prop that works at sea level for take-off or sea level speed runs often doesn't work so well at higher altitudes (over 20,000ft?) depending on the power of the engine. The big props on the R-2800s were to transmit 1800hp at 15,500ft (no water injection and no RAM) or 1650hp at 22,500ft. The air at 22,500ft is roughly 80% as dense as the air at 16,000ft.
The R-2800 "B"s ran 2700rpm max so difference in reduction gear is minor.
Another problem is cooling on these radials, not so much in high speed level flight but when climbing. Please note the "C" series R-2800s required about 10% less cooling air at the same power as the "B" series engines. Also note that the 1900hp Wright R-2600s used a massive increase in cylinder and head fin area compared to the 1700hp versions. You not only have to make the power, you have to survive making the power.
A Kasei given Allied 100/130 fuel might very well be able to make much higher power for a few moments, the question is for how long? And under what flight conditions? Flying straight and level or trying to climb at max climb rate? or running at military power (or WEP) while banked over and doing a hard turn at low speed? How long before temperature needle goes into the red zone?
If engineered properly, a cooling fan (such as on the FW 190A) doesn't cost anything more than a little weight and mechanical complexity.
- Ivan.
... and power absorption which is greatest in high power, low speed operation. I read somewhere (on this forum) that the FW190 fan used 70 hp in climb; this means that the FW190A's "clever" little fan cooling cost something around 250 fpm in rate of climb. The additional weight is probably on the order of 0.1% to 0.5% of operating empty weight, which is in the noise. Engine cooling fans are a feature (or misfeature) that some designers thought beneficial, probably because they made different decisions to satisfy customers.
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... and power absorption which is greatest in high power, low speed operation. I read somewhere (on this forum) that the FW190 fan used 70 hp in climb; this means that the FW190A's "clever" little fan cooling cost something around 250 fpm in rate of climb. The additional weight is probably on the order of 0.1% to 0.5% of operating empty weight, which is in the noise. Engine cooling fans are a feature (or misfeature) that some designers thought beneficial, probably because they made different decisions to satisfy customers. I don't think any mass-produced US or UK fighter or bomber used cooling fans; this may mean that FW and Mitsubishi engineers were not as good at cooling system design as their American or British counterparts or it may have meant that the German and Japanese engineers didn't have access to the design tools that were available to the English-speaking world: NACA, especially, and ARC devoted quite a lot of effort towards improving the cooling of air-cooled engines, the former largely to improve the performance of commercial aircraft, which are going to spend significant time at high-power settings at low speed for climb and single-engine operations.
Pratt & Whitney, Curtiss-Wright, and their customers went to a great deal of effort to maximize cooling effectiveness without using fans and would likely consider them a crutch. Since, as you say, the FW190 didn't need the fan in normal climb, it seems to be a device of very limited utility. Possibly, the US used lubricants and materials. which could better tolerate short periods of high temperature and so the engines could tolerate temperature excursions better than either German or Japanese ones in those periods when cooling airflow was insufficient. Possibly, they spent more time and effort on cooling system design, or had more experience (my hypothesis) or they were simply better at this aspect of design. I suspect it's a mix of experience and materials, and a customer base that would not tolerate fans.
An FW190 had an operating weight of about 9,500 lbf. Seventy PS is about 32,500 ft-lbf/min. Multiply 70 PS by 32,500 and divide by the weight, one gets 240 ft/min.The cost was 70 PS on sea level for the BMW 801S engine - 2000 PS at the prop reduction gear, 1930 available for prop after deduction of 70 PS is mande for the prop. Other exmaple is the BMW 801D - around 40 PS at 5.7 km, or 1440 for the prop vs. ~1490 PS after reduction gear. It is a percentage of total power, not a flat value. Bill/drgondog will probably know more about this, but, once we're at 400+ mph speed, a drag reduction (provided by tight cowling that was provided by fan) gives better return than extra 20-40-60 PS on the 801D.
I don't think that extra 2-3% more HP will net you a 7-8% increase in rate of climb.
An FW190 had an operating weight of about 9,500 lbf. Seventy PS is about 32,500 ft-lbf/min. Multiply 70 PS by 32,500 and divide by the weight, one gets 240 ft/min.
With one idea, there is a small power penalty at low speed. With the other, you have extra drag at all speeds.
I know what my choice would be.
The Fw 190A-8 with 1400-1440 PS climbed at 12 - 12.5 m/s between 2.5 and 5 km. With greater power in overboost, 1600-1650 PS, (a 15% increase), RoC went to 14 -14.5m/s, a 16% increase. Say we delete the fan, and cooling is still okay. We get 1450-1490 PS at that altitude band, +50PS or ~5% increase, that nets us a 5+% increase in RoC, 12.7-13.2 m/s.
0.7 m/s extra = 2.3ft/s = 138 fpm.
Granted, 50 PS != 70 PS.
If cooling is not okay now, and we need to 'widen' the cowling so it is not that tight - how much of extra drag is that worth?
Probably not enough to notice; nose shape of subsonic aircraft, a category that includes all WW2-era aircraft, is not that important as long as there's no separation. There may be a small increase due to wetted area. Check out the zero-lift drag coefficients of US radial-engined aircraft vs the FW190.
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Now for a quiz, what was the purpose of the discs behind the props on the Boeing 307.