Did Kurt Tank base his airfoils on the NACA series, similar to both Heinkel and Messerschmitt?
When I looked into the 109 airfoil, it was stated to be a NACA 2R1. The 2R1 airfoil is a 0012 with a reflexed camber. I found some drawings with sufficient dimensions to confirm that the base airfoil for the 109 is the NACA 0012 (obviously thickness changed to suit) with a custom camber. It would have started as a 2R1, but been customised to suit the desired behaviour.
This Ta154 airfoil has the thickness further back, so it won't be directly based on the NACA 0012 however NACA TN 385 explains how the coefficients were calculated - so it would not be that complicated to calculate the formula coefficients for an airfoil with the max thickness at 38%.