Well the thread is about a better German naval strategy. Given what was known at the time (much of the 1930s) we could get one answer. Using what was know in the late 40s with all the collected data we could very well get a different answer.
Unsure what the argument here is? In order to force the UK out of the war, the subs would have to on average cause unsustainable losses.
That they maybe achieved that for some brief moments doesn't win them the battle of the Atlantic. At best it might prove that without appropriate Allied countermeasures they had the capability to do it.
Absolutely. In general, not only for subs vs ASW, with some certainly notable exceptions, the Allies out-innovated the Germans.
One strategy was Plan Z that was ordered 1939 for completion in 1948 so that was one extreme. Other extremes from modern thinking (post WW II) claim the Germans should only have built U-Boats or perhaps just used small craft (mine sweepers and coastal escorts?).
Without revamping history too much things would be in the middle. I would note that Plan Z was doomed as the planners don't seem to have taken radar or long range search aircraft into account. Why would they as radar was only being fitted for trials in most navies in 1938-39 and long range aircraft (flying 1000 miles, patrolling for several hours and flying 1000 miles back) were not operational. Prototypes yes.
The No (or smaller ) Navy ideas needs the Weimar Republic to squash the Navy either before the Emden or after the Kolns or somewhere in the Deutschland cycle (ship 1 or 2 or 3?) .
The British had suffered enough from German Subs in WW I that the Weimar Republic was banned from having any subs at all and development/design even for foreign sales was also banned. Germans got around this by opening a design office in Holland and selling plans to Turkey and Finland. Germans don't announce the construction of U-boats until 1935?
Work on the two Type Is (U-25-26) started in 1934 but they completed after a number of the smaller Type II's.
Creating a U-boat force from scratch in 4-5 years would be difficult but with old Adolf in charge, good planning often took a back seat. Thinking the war would not start until sometime between 1942 and 1948 (plan Z in early 1939) meant there was time to build up the ship yards, design and build training subs (the Type IIs) and train and expand the crews and officers for a bigger force. War starting in fall of 1939 caught the navy short both for surface ships and effective subs. The Type IIs could operate in British waters but they were slow (13kts on the surface) and about 7kts underwater. Type VIIs could do about 8 kts underwater and while that doesn't sound like much being 14% faster when you are trying to dodge a depth charge attack might make the crew feel better

Type IIs also had 3 tubes and 2 reloads for a total of 5 torpedoes which meant that they spent a lot of time going back and forth to base to reload/rearm. Early Type VIIs carried 11 torpedoes or 22 mines compared to the 12 mines of the Type IIs.
The Type IIs were about 1/2 of the U-boats in the fall of 1939.
We also have to consider what the British/French response to any major change in German strategy/building program/s.
The British were not as slow as some people think.
Hunt class escort destroyers, from Wiki.
"
The first ten of the following were ordered on 21 March 1939, and the other ten on 11 April 1939. Three more were ordered on 4 September 1939 (see below) were intended to be of Type II, but were actually completed to the Type I design"
"
Eighteen were ordered on 4 September 1939 and two more (Lauderdale and Ledbury) on the following day. Three of these were completed with the same armament as the Type I – Blencathra, Brocklesby and Liddesdale. A final batch of sixteen were ordered on 20 December 1939."
Flower class corvettes
"The RN ordered 145 Flower-class corvettes in 1939, the first 26 on 25 July with a further batch of 30 on 31 August, all under the 1939 Pre-War Programme"
The start of hundreds of escort type ships. The Flowers were designed for coastal use and the loss of France meant they got pushed out into the Atlantic. The Loss of France meant that not only did the 1939/40 allies loose scores of escort ships but the German use of French bases made the U-boats much more effective being able to speed days longer on patrol vs transiting back and forth. Trying to figure that into German navy 1935-39 thinking is hard.
German type IX boats were sort of a mixed bag. They had a lot range, but crew comforts were not good and the torpedo capacity is something of an illusion.
Germans did an awful lot with refueling/replenishing at sea but this meant they were subject to having the supply/replenishment subject to Murphy's law and it's corollary.
This is one reason that things went wrong for the Germans in 1943, not the only reason by far, but part of it. Using short range/endurance boats and extending range by using supply ships instead of building proper long range boats (at least some) means you run out of options if the resupply operations don't go well.
However not contesting the RN at sea, somehow, releases an awful lot of Allied war capacity to be used in other ways.