The P-38 was no slouch at high altitudes and neither were 2-stage Spitfires. But the P-47 was at or very close to being one of the best fighters of the war above 30,000 feet. The Corsair was NEVER intended for high-altitude operations. If was a fleet defense and Naval attack fighter that operated most of the time below 20,000 feet and largely below 15,000 feet.
I'd take the Corsair at low altitudes and the P-47 over almost anything else above 25,000 feet. In between would be a crap shoot.
The Ta 152 has been brought up as a high-altitude fighter, but they only delivered about 43 examples to the Luftwaffe, and it had a distinctly pedestrian victory-to-loss ratio (somewhere between 7 and 10 victories against 4 losses). That ratio was due more to the war situation than to any inherent flaws in the basic Ta 152 design, but the airplanes that were delivered were little more than rushed prototypes that were anything but well-developed. There was NO spare parts chain. Any Ta 152 that malfunctioned was used for parts or for major repairs if returned to flight status with other parts. When the war ended, there were exactly two Ta 152C's left operational for the entire Ta 152 series of airplanes. The Ta 152H-0 that the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum has was repaired to fly to the collection point. So, Ta 152s aren't in the mix if only due to lack of availability in general. None of the above detracts from what the Ta 152 design could have become had it been developed and mass-produced. The basic airplane was solid. It just never really had a chance. Two or three Ta 152s weren't ever going to be much good against 200 - 300+ P-51s coming down to straffe when the bombers turned around and started for home in 1945.
The Me 262 was far and away the superior airplane to the Ta 152, and 100 Me 262s were lost to Allied piston fighters against 542 victories for the jet. Even being over 100 mph faster than the competition wasn't enough against overwhelmingly superior numbers of lesser opposition.