First-wave take-off, 26 January 1929 F3B fighters and T4M bombers prepare to leave the USS Saratoga to mock-attack on the Panama Canal during Fleet Problem IX the net View attachment 900989
Only first of FIVE missed opportunities to properly prepare for threat of 12/7/41.
Fleet Problem IX 1)First-wave take-off, 26 January 1929 F3B fighters and T4M bombers prepare to leave the USS Saratoga to mock-attack on the Panama Canal.
2) Fleet Problem XIII (February 1932): Rear Admiral Harry E. Yarnell commanded the "Black Fleet" raiding force and approached Oahu from the north with the aircraft carriers USS Lexington and USS Saratoga. He launched 152 aircraft in a surprise dawn raid. Exercise umpires ruled that all Army airfields on Oahu were destroyed and every major ship in Pearl Harbor was sunk. Instead of fixing the vulnerability, senior commanders argued such a raid was unrealistic.
3) Fleet Problem XIX (March 1938): U.S. carrier task forces again launched surprise dawn air strikes from north of Oahu, successfully "destroying" ground aircraft and scoring direct attacks against Pearl Harbor warships.
4) Fleet Problem XX (1939) and
5) Fleet Problem XXI (April–May 1940): These exercises continued to test carrier aviation and command coordination in the Pacific, with Fleet Problem XXI explicitly simulating a conflict between "Purple" (representing Japan) and "Maroon" (representing the U.S.).