Required headwind for carrier aircraft launch?

jetcal1 said:

BTW, my ship was one of the last ones to have a C-1 hack permanently assigned to the ship and while they would trap to board, all take offs were a deck run off the angle.

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When I got an opportunity to go out and visit an A School classmate who was in charge of the PLAT system on the Lex, I was excited about getting a trap and a cat shot. So I and a bunch of Pensacola instructors are all buttoned up in a stoof (US2B) to head out to the boat when #2 engine can't get its oil pressure up. So the duty SH3 fires up and trundles us out to the boat. Shoot, there goes my trap!
After watching a bunch of Dilberts scare themselves, their instructors, and the LSOs in their T28s, it's time to head back in a heavily loaded C1. I plugged into the intercom (I was in what would have been the plane captain/loadmaster seat), and heard the pilots talking about currency issues. Turns out the SIC (who was pilot flying on this trip) was two days away from being out of currency on deck run takeoffs so the skipper calls ops, cancels the scheduled cat shot and gets clearance for a deck run. Shoot, there goes my cat shot! The deck was bare, so we got clearance for full length. It was an eye opener looking down and watching the left main wheel rolling along about two feet from the deck edge and the catwalks as we taxied back to the rounddown. When we ligned up for takeoff, I swear our tail was hanging out over the ocean.
God, those 1820s are noisy! And they feel like they're shaking themselves to death. Acceleration could best be described as a waddle. If we had thirty knots going by the island, I'd be surprised. Of course I couldn't see forward but it looked like we got airborne in the last 100 feet of deck. Quite an experience for someone in the jet fighter world.
Cheers,
Wes

XBe02Drvr said:

I had an uncle who flew TBMs off ASW jeep carriers in the Atlantic Uboat war. He hated the hydraulic catapults, said they "beat the crap" out of the planes. He was catapult qualled on a CV with steam cats, then his squadron was broken up because the carrier they were destined for was rendered inoperative by battle damage, and the personnel were sent out as individual replacements. He wound up on CVEs doing ASW.
He said the steam cats had a relatively "soft" start with an exponential rate of acceleration, which he likened to a compound bow. The hydraulics, OTOH, he said "snapped" you into motion with the thrust sensation actually dwindling as you approached the forward deck edge, sort of like a straight or recurve bow. He said that if the engine coughed at that point you were about to play submarine and the ship would run right over you. Cheery thought.
Wes

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Steam catapults were a post WWII invention.

Reluctant Poster said:

Steam catapults were a post WWII invention.

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So all the sources say, but Uncle Ned was a straight arrow, not given to inventing experiences or enhancing the facts. I'm guessing he got to experience a pre-deployment experimental prototype. He didn't stick around after demob, and had had his fill of operational flying, preferring "a nice warm passenger cabin with good food and pretty stews" for the duration of his 30+ years in the foreign service postwar.
He and my Aunt Dorothy raised their two sons all over Asia in such garden spots as Taipei, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Karachi, Madras, and Singapore.
Cheers,
Wes

Reluctant Poster said:

WWII aircraft carriers rarely used their catapults. In fact the Japanese carriers did not have them.

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For all their focus on naval aviation the Japanese seem to have neglected much of the essential elements. Catapults are useful on crowded decks or at low wind over deck conditions, but not having radar equipped carriers and radio-equipped fighters seems a deep oversight. Imagine at Midway if the Japanese fleet had 30-45 min warning over the Dauntless dive bombers approaching.

Launching CV a/c without wind was demonstrated in the 50s when steam cats replaced hydraulics, tho I would not claim it never happened previously (acknowledging the reference to hangar-deck cats.) But obviously heavier jets needed more end speed than recips, and the procedure became known as "Flanchor Ops" for Flying At Anchor.

In a Midway context, the front-spotted Enterprise SBDs were the CAG section and scouts with 500- v. 1,000-pounders.

Reluctant Poster said:

Steam catapults were a post WWII invention.

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XBe02Drvr said:

So all the sources say, but Uncle Ned was a straight arrow, not given to inventing experiences or enhancing the facts. I'm guessing he got to experience a pre-deployment experimental prototype. He didn't stick around after demob, and had had his fill of operational flying, preferring "a nice warm passenger cabin with good food and pretty stews" for the duration of his 30+ years in the foreign service postwar.
He and my Aunt Dorothy raised their two sons all over Asia in such garden spots as Taipei, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Karachi, Madras, and Singapore.
Cheers,
Wes

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The USN was 100% in on hydraulic cats - post-WW2 they developed the stronger H-8, which was installed on the modernized Essex class CVs in the late-1940s/early 1950s (as well in the Midway class in the late 1940s to replace their H-4-1s), and even soldiered on through the early 1970s in Essex-class CVS ASW carriers. They were working on an even more-powerful H-9 for the USS United States in the late 1940s.

The USN's shift to steam catapults in the early-mid-1950s was based on the British steam "slotted cylinder" design - which had started development in 1946, using a modification of a German catapult design for the V-1!

I don't know what the USN might have been using with what your father described - I have never seen anything anywhere saying that the USN ever experimented with steam vs hydraulic/pneumatic or explosive catapult designs (they had fitted flywheel catapults aboard Lexington & Saratoga starting in 1928, but removed them by 1937).