The Abrams was primarily designed for the battlefields of Northern Europe of the early to mid 1970s, intended to fit in with the 'Active Defense' doctrine of the time, which was primarily a defensive doctrone.
The concern was that weapons lethality had grown so much - particularly ground/air launched ATGMs, tank cannon and cluster munitions - that an attacker needed at least 3:1 superiority to overcome prepared defenses (and potentially as much as 6:1).
From my reading of the doctrine, the idea for the XM-1 was for a tank that could sit in prepared and well sighted fighting positions and work as part of a combined mechanised arms team to slow/destroy mass armoured waves of Warsaw Pact forces. Once one wave had been disrupted, then the force could rapidly reposition to the next set of prepared positions.
Hopefully, you got got to rinse and repeat this until the Warsaw Pact forces lost momentum, or you retreated into the Rhine and/or supporting forces arrived from CONUS.
Offensive action was only to be taken if there was an opportunity to cause overwhelming losses on the enemy. The idea was a narrow front assault leading to penetration in depth and breakthrough into enermy rear areas. The chief killing arm of the Warsaw Pact was seen as massed artillery, so the intent would have been to break through deep enough to disrupt/destroy that.
In the mid/late 1970s, the Active Defense doctrine was replaced by the more offensively oriented AirLand Battle. This was due to a bunch or reasons, including the increasing mobility of firepower (particularly wider Western adoption of MLRS, SPGs and IFVs, along with air launched PGMs) and Soviet doctrinal shifts away from the WW2 style massed armour attack with equally large follow on waves.