Light fighters alternatives, 1935-1945

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I going back through this thread.

The turbocharged Republic P-47 Thunderbolt was a successful escort fighter because American bombers also were turbocharged. Escorting was done at altitudes that suited two stage superchargers. Thunderbolts did terrible things to experienced Luftwaffe pilots. When Mustangs arrived, Thunderbolts were switched to ground attack. Thunderbolts were rugged and able to carry substantial bomb loads. The Thunderbolts' relatively weak performance at low altitude was not an issue because the Luftwaffe already had been crippled.

The Yak_3 was a low-altitude dogfighting platform, which is precisely what the Russians wanted. The Sturmoviks and Petlyakov Pe2s did the bombing. The Yak_3s flew escort. Note how the Russians preferred Bell P39s over Supermarine Spitfire_IXs. The P47s did not meet any Russian Requirements.

Over a battlefield at low altitude, a Yak_3 would have a P47D for breakfast.
 
How about we follow the "recipe" for the for the Yak-3 and apply it to the P-47.
Cut down the structure a bit (wings in the case of the Yak)
Cut down on the fuel tankage.
Cut down the armament a bit (early Yak-3 used one 20mm and one 12.7mm)
boost the crap out of the engine.

P-47L "Lite" clip the wings like the tips on the P-47N but without the wing root extensions.
Cut the guns to 6 and restrict the ammo to around 250-275rpg.
Install smaller fuel tank/s. Maybe 225 gallons total.
Install the Water injection system and get 2540hp out of the engine and not the 2700-2800 of the P-47M
Maybe see if there was other stuff to take out?
P-47 lite at about 12500lbs with a that 2540 hp engine and slightly better roll performance?
 
How about we follow the "recipe" for the for the Yak-3 and apply it to the P-47.
Cut down the structure a bit (wings in the case of the Yak)
Wing of the Yak-3 was a new wing, both the t-t-c ratio and the area were reduced. If the wing of the P-47 remains the same, and just the wings are clipped, there is still the draggiest part of the wing to fight the air.
How good was actually the laminar-flow wing of the XP-47F? Wing from the Tempest would've been very interesting on the P-47 Lite.


Remove the reserve tank (100 gals + the tank itself) - saves ~700 lbs. Agreed with reduction of the armament & ammo, there is an easy 300 lb save.
 
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You might have a better P-47 fighter bomber version if you did all that, but still not something that could duel with a Yak-3.

In fact, even if you did all that, I'm pretty certain you could still fit the Yak-3 inside your P-47 "Lite" and still have room for engine, turbo, guns, and ammunition

Maybe the thing to do is make a P-47 with a Yak-3 on pylons under each wing...?
 
And let's consider an aircraft that is almost in the light interceptor category itself.
I suppose we all agree that the Bf 109 was designed and tailored as the smallest airframe for the most powerful engine. However, that engine is the DB601.
Which means that it is actually too big for the Jumo 210. I'm sure that we can't change the fuselage width (it's minimal anyway) but the Jumo 210 is lower and smaller than the DB 601 so we can reduce the fuselage height - by lowering the pilot to the bottom edge as much as possible and only the controls are under the seat (and not the fuel tank). Since the Jumo has a shorter engine, we can move it a little closer to the center, move the pilot closer (and compensate for the tank volume in the empty space behind him). Accordingly, the tail is shorter. And since the entire fuselage is smaller (lighter) we can also reduce the wings.

As for the armament... Jumo 210 (albeit only early variants) could receive a central weapon (He 112 kanonenvogel) and maybe only central 1x MGFF and one 7.9 mm in each wing (if we are not arrogant and say that the MGFF is not much heavier than 7.9 mm (if we include ammunition) and that even the reduced wings can receive one for a total of 3x20 mm).
Being smaller and lighter, I suppose it should perform at least better than the Bf 109D. Not spectacular but probably quite useful in 1939-40. And maybe later if (with, say, C3 fuel) the Jumo 210 can be pushed to 1000 hp.

Although now we have to think why someone would try to do that.
 
The He 100 with the 'rekord' wing as the platform for the Jumo 210 (preferably G)?
No surface cooling, use the beard radiator.

Jumo 210 might've probably been pushed to 3000 rpm, and it will need a better S/C (since pre-Jumo 211F, the Jumo S/Cs were bad). These two changes should bring it to circa 90% of what the Peregrine was making on 87 oct fuel (it was good for 885 HP at 15000 ft).
The 210G is already fuel injected, so couple this with 3000 rpm operation and a better S/C and there is 870-900 HP at 5 km, and indeed ~1000 HP at lower altitudes via the 2-speed S/C. If this is made, even the He 100 with 'combat' wing will do.
Kill of the diesel engine development at Jumo to pay for this.

Although now we have to think why someone would try to do that.

Same if not better range with 300L of fuel than the Bf 109E with 400L, due to the lower drag, weight and HP? Might come in handy for a country that lacks fuel.
A longer-ranged fighter with 500L of fuel than the Bf 109 with the drop tank.
No worse speed nor RoC vs. the Emil.
Does not need to wait for the DB 601A.
Easier and cheaper to make than the Bf 109E, that was already easy and cheap to make.
 
The He 100 with the 'rekord' wing as the platform for the Jumo 210 (preferably G)?
No surface cooling, use the beard radiator.
How about annual radiator, we'll say ala Ju-88
Then pressurize the cooling system with 50/50 ethylene glycol/water.​

Before we can make more power, we need to be able to cool the engine.
Arrived for the Jumo 211N historically.​
As you indicate, the 211F got the better S/C, who says it wasn't in works <The 210 Ha was in the works, but killed to focus on the 211.>
Jumo 210H was scheduled to get 4 valves/cylinder - which should help with the increased rpm operation.
Skipping the surface cooling should give you the development resources at Jumo for the pressurized cooling system.
Setup production in Austria?
Use a "header" fuel tank in fuselage and wing root tanks ala Hurricane as per Z Zmauky move the MGs to the wings
Does MG131 offer better compromise the MG17 or MG FF in wings - belt fed so more than 60 rds firing time/heavier round than the RCMG?​
 
How about annual radiator, we'll say ala Ju-88
Then pressurize the cooling system with 50/50 ethylene glycol/water.​

Hypothetically, I wonder if the German obsession with annular radiators, and the increased manufacturing complexity of those, stood in the way of them developing really good finned tube style radiator cores that would also be capable of handling higher pressure?

(Once you have a high pressure capable cooling system, a 30/70 glycol/water mix might be slightly better than the 50/50, seems that's what the Brits ended up at?)


Does MG131 offer better compromise the MG17 or MG FF in wings - belt fed so more than 60 rds firing time/heavier round than the RCMG?​

The MG 131 entered service only in 1940, might be a bit late for a really competitive <1000hp fighter?
 
How about annual radiator, we'll say ala Ju-88
Then pressurize the cooling system with 50/50 ethylene glycol/water.
Before we can make more power, we need to be able to cool the engine.
Arrived for the Jumo 211N historically.
Either annular, or something like what the D.520 or the Soviet fighters had.
And indeed pressurized, even if it is just moderately pressurized as for the previous Jumo 210s/211s.


The Jumo engines before the 211F were also with pressurized cooling system, the 211F and later received the over-presurized system. It seems like the British were better in this regard, though, their radiators were sturdier in order to withstand even the greater pressures.
Production can be done indeed in Austria, but also in Poland and in Czechia.

Does MG131 offer better compromise the MG17 or MG FF in wings - belt fed so more than 60 rds firing time/heavier round than the RCMG?

MG 131 was much later design, it's wholesale installation on the LW aircraft didn't started before 1943. By that time a belt-fed MG FFM was being installed on some night-fighter Do 217s. There was also the 90 rd drum for the MG FFMs.
Even a light fighter should be able to carry three MG FFMs by 1942, and still being a threat to the Il-2s, Beaufighters, and even the B-17s.
 
My thoughts on the annular radiators:
It seems to have been easier to design a solution which wasn't adding several ft^2 of frontal area/drag while minimizing the routing of the cooling system. I would say the annular radiator of the Fw.190D series is a finned tube style radiator, its just circular, not flat.
Tempest and Firefly both seemed to enjoy performance greater than just power increase when they traded bearded radiators for wing leading edge. But Germany didn't really have any wing leading edge radiators (and you wind up with more piping/larger target regardless).​
As water transfers 2X the thermal energy per unit volume, a mix with slightly less glycol is preferred.
The MG 131 entered service only in 1940, might be a bit late for a really competitive <1000hp fighter?
Going from MG17 in initial design to MG131 in '40 seems like reasonable step for light fighter.

Alternate: A 60 round drum is quite substantial in diameter - Bf.109E wings were substantially bulged to make it fit; bigger ones get really large and heavy. 90 rounds of MG-FF (134g bullet) weighs 36kg for the rounds alone, add in the weight of the drum and you're looking at 50kg+. For a motor cannon, you have to fit that through the cockpit to the breech - that's why rear seaters in Bf.110 had issues -> maneuvering the ?40kg? 60 round drums while in a flying suit in a maneuvering aircraft was...challenging.

90 round drums also have issues between providing enough spring tension to feed both when the drum is full and empty while not overfeeding (jam rounds into the gun). I do wonder why the saddle drum magazine of the mg15 weren't scaled to 20mm - 2 - 35 round drums + 5 in the "guides" seems a lot more compact <Lay the gun on its side, so rounds feed in from top and out the bottom for wing mount>.
Production can be done indeed in Austria, but also in Poland and in Czechia.
I'm not sure you want to move Jumo 210 production to Poland in '38 when the factory was being repurposed for Jumo 211s. And I'm not sure about Czechoslovakia; they weren't quite as open arms to joining Germany as the Austrians were.
 
Somethings look good on paper and not as good in practice.
Does the annular of lower frontal area actually offer substantially lower drag than the conventual radiators?
Some of the British wing leading edge radiators don't look good from an internal airflow stand point but I don't know.
If you reduce frontal area but increase internal drag what is the net gain?
 

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