The He 111 was good for around 400 miles radius with about 4400lbs of bombs, that is a realistic radius.
It was also about as good as an early Wellington. correction welcome.
The 110 had more range than the 109 but it couldn't be used quite like a 109. The two planes were not interchangeable.
Ok so it looks like we are starting to delve into the elements that contribute to range. You are mentioning here fuel capacity and the ability for the engine to fly at low RPM. I would also add to that altitude capability (higher altitude cruising generally uses up less fuel and allows faster flight at lower power), overall drag (draggier airframes require more power to keep the speed up, so things like tail wheels, various protrusions for guns or engine fittings, even rear view mirrors and radio masts can all make a diffeence) and wing efficiency (a balance between drag and lift of the wing).
All true, so let's look at a few of these "details" like the Zero's supercharger having a critical altitude several thousand feet lower than the Merlin, (Model 21 Zero vs MK I Spit, later Spits get better, so does the Zero when it gets the two speed supercharger but that isn't till when?) ), many of these long ranges are actually done at a relatively low altitude. Less fuel burned in the climb, IF the supercharge has two gears the lower gear will use less power. At low rpm the supercharger uses less power/heats the intake charge less. But is all a juggling act. airflow through the supercharger is proportional to the square of the speed of the impeller.
And then of course, weight. The tradeoff between carrying more fuel and having less weight to carry. This is the basic difference between the light and heavy fighter.
but not the only difference. A MK I Spit went 5875lbs with a wooden prop. useful load is given as 1585lbs.
200lbs for the pilot & chute
646lbs for fuel
54lbs for oil
685 lbs for Military load. Guns, ammo, gun sight, even the radio or large part of the radio installation.
The structure was 1890lbs and the powerplant was 2035 of which the engine was only 1412lbs.
this plane had no armor, no self sealing, no IFF. A Spitfire II went 6172lbs with the bells and whistles of the summer of 1940.
You can swap some military equipment (guns/ammo) for more fuel for the same weight but there are some other things that need to stay.
as far as light fighters go, you can't pick lighter pilots, or use smaller parachutes, the radios are the same. There is only so much you can take-out.
there are a lot of fixed weights in a fighter unless you change the engine. Look at the Spitfire again, ANY plane using the Merlin III engine is going to have just about the same powerplant weight if not heavier (due to using a real propeller and not a hunk of tree). The light fighter cannot use a smaller radiator or use less cooling fluid. (296lbs for the cooling system).