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An F6F-3 Hellcat of Fighting Squadron (VF) 15 launches from the hangar deck catapult of USS Hornet (CV-12) during
training in Chesapeake Bay, 12 February 1944. The early Essex-class carriers had been built with a hangar-level catapult,
called the HIVA catapult (actually, H-4A) that shot planes out of the starboard forward hangar deck. Since the aircraft
could not benefit from the ship steaming into the wind, these catapults were deemed unpractical, and replaced with a
second flight deck catapult. They were removed during refits in 1944 because they didn't get a lot of use. Hornet was the
only carrier to keep her HIVA hangar-deck catapult until the end of the war.

 

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