wow ... 1939-1945 saw more innovation in aircraft alone than 1900-1939 in all war-fighting fields combined. My opinion, worth 1/3 of a lead penny.
"Most famous aircraft" and what made them rock more than the others... that would be a short list of innovations.
Spitfire, Mustang, Bf-109, Me 190,
Aircraft components:
Superchargers, Turbochargers, & Intercoolers
Aircraft engine alloys (valves, heads, cranks, etc)
Wind tunnels and wing shapes
Fuels chemistry
Self-sealing fuel tanks
Predictive gunsights
Radar & Radio (yes they existed before, but by 1945 were everywhere, and their presence affected how battles were fought).
Things tried in WWII that didn't work out (well enough to make a real difference) until they were re-done after the war ... another list.
Turbojets
Turboprops
high-temp low-creep turbine alloys
SAM
Guided munitions (other than Bakabombs)
Flying wings and tandem-engine fighters
Things that made air war more effective, but weren't in the air, is another list. Example: Germany established a network of radio transmitters broadcasting a narrow signal (narrowcasting?) criss-crossing England that German planes could listen for, and when they heard (say) 3 signals at once, they knew where they were, and could then take a short vector to their target. Figuring out which signals to jam, and how to, was a British counter-innovation.