B-29 Engineering Flight book

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I think the reason the car makers could build engines so fast, is they knew how to do it. Consider they had to make as many car engines in a week as the aircraft engine makers could expect to build in a year.

Ok, heres the next part of Chrysler/Dodge effort for the B29

B-29 Combat Deployment Begins

On their way to initial deployment in India/China, the B-29s were subjected to ground temperatures in the sun that were regularly well over 120 degrees F. Temperatures reached nearly 200 degrees inside planes--with some engines only about 20 degrees from overheating even before firing up. Detonation was a severe problem directly affecting valve life. Parts change kits were rushed out to numerous locations to speed the planes to their destination. Teams fanned out to wherever B-29s were in the pipeline--to make the necessary alterations and keep the program momentum alive!

Conditions in China were so primitive that fuel had to be flown in over the Himalayas, slowly building up enough gasoline and bombs to eventually launch the first group of strikes. These missions were flown at high altitudes, dropping high-explosive bombs. A number of the trips were actually regarded as training of the most serious kind. The professionalism of the Americans dedicated to those early moves is awesome to contemplate. Moreover, all airfields in China were constructed by thousands of Chinese people using hand labor and tools of the most rudimentary kind.

Dodge-built B-29 Engines Enter Combat

Perhaps the greatest compliment to Dodge-Chicago performance was that, at the outset, their engines were used interchangeably with Wright's production. As the program progressed, Dodge provided the vast majority of the engines: 18,413 for 3,628 B- 29s, or just over five engines per plane!

After General LeMay took command in January, 1945, he re-structured the maintenance program, based on his European experience. Soon, flying reached a tremendous 120 hours per plane per month and mission action swung into high gear. During their 1944 and 1945 service against Japan, they dropped 169,676 tons of bombs, adding another 167,000 tons during the three years of the Korean War (by which time they normally required a heavy fighter escort due to the advent of jet fighters). Actual bombing runs after arrival at the target were carried out at 210 mph (LeMay and Yenne, p. 150).

Dodge Achieves Amazing Cost Savings Of Fifty Percent

On a per unit basis, Dodge-Chicago was able to reduce the cost of producing each engine from $25,314 plus a fee of $1,519 to $11,537 (fee, $580) and $12,954 for the fuel-injected version, all while incorporating 6,427 engineering changes! Overall, Dodge brought to completion 18,413 engines at about half of the estimated program costs, very much the same pattern achieved by Chrysler Corporation in all its war efforts. Seldom have the economic benefits of complete tooling, accurate drawings, dedicated leadership, well-trained employees, and a clear set of goals done as well. For perspective, consider that a brand-new Dodge 1942 D22 Custom four-door sedan delivered for $1,048 (Lee, p. 262).
 
The Allison V-3420 powered version of the B-29 was known as the XB-39. One was built, and although the turbocharger system for the V-3420 was not installed, it was decided to test the XB-39 against a standard B-29 with it's turbochargers disabled. The XB-39 attained a speed to 405 m.p.h. @ 25,000', while the best the B-29 could manage at that altitude was 365 m.p.h.. A significant reduction in fuel consumption as also noted in the XB-39. For those interested in the Allison V-1710, its design, its use, and different versions, I recommend the book 'Vee's For Victory', by Daniel D Whitney, published by Schiffer Military History. This is 'the' Allison history. It has a chapter on the V-3420, and quite a bit of information on the XB-39 project.
 

That would have been something to see in action. Unfortunatly for this idea, the B29 production delays were so serious, Gen Arnold had no inclination to stop the worklines for this modification. Plus they proably knew about the R4430 that was going to be available in the near future and saw it as a better idea than the Allison.

Dont know for sure, but the AAF "bomber mafia" seemed to have an aversion to liquid cooled engines on bombers.
 
That is exacly correct, even though the V-3420 looked like it would improve the performance of the B-29, the benefit was not worth slowing the production lines. The XB-39 from what I understand was in a sense a backup plan if the R-3350's problems proved insurmountable. Hard work on Wright's and Chrysler's part got the R-3350 to an acceptable level of reliability.
 
Overwhelming Victory

Taken in total, the B-29 program was the most expensive of the war, yet proved decisive against the Japanese home islands. Concurrently, that successful result was achieved only by means of the nation's total war effort, including clear goals, intelligent leadership, and a strong industrial base (one hopes that the national leaders of the present day recognize the continuing importance of such a base). America's industrial accomplishment exceeded anything ever done in history, given the whole of what was accomplished by the array of companies that participated. Without torrents of equipment produced by millions of "Home Front" men and women for use by the 11+% of the population in the uniforms of the Armed Forces, the results would have been quite different.

While this article has concentrated on just one of the many contributions by Chrysler Corporation's Dodge Division during WW II, other company divisions supported Dodge-Chicago in important ways, as well as producing a long list of other equipment and materials that were aircraft-related. A portion of the items furnished included:
By DeSoto:

* 568 pressurized B-29 nose sections
* 559 sets of B-29 wing leading edges
* Nearly 5,000 sets of B-29 engine cowlings
* Martin B-26 medium bomber noses (1,593)
* B-26 center sections (1,585)
* B-26 wing flaps (1,895 sets)
* Helldiver wings, 11,000 by joint Chrysler and DeSoto efforts

By Plymouth and Dodge

* Corsair landing gears and arresters for deck landings, 10,000 sets (Plymouth
* Dodge produced 12,000,000 pounds of aluminum forgings for Chrysler aircraft contracts plus 13 other airplane builders.

Chrysler Corporation's achievements were enormous and vital to victory. The leadership and people of the Chrysler Corporation of that generation proved essential and critical to the energy applied to thwarting fanatical aggressors at a terribly dangerous time in world history. Let us not forget.

Afterword: the Dodge Chicago plant

Mike Sealey wrote: The WWII Dodge-Chicago plant went on to become an auto assembly plant...but Chrysler never built cars or trucks there. Preston Tucker purchased it as a war surplus property after the war with the intent of building Tuckers there, and indeed all prototypes after the original "Tin Goose" were assembled there. After Tucker folded, Ford bought the Dodge-Chicago plant for vehicle production. Had Henry I been a little less senile, or Henry II up to speed a little earlier, they might have held on to their own enormous Willow Run aircraft assembly plant... which was instead sold to Kaiser-Frazer Corporation, who operated it as their home plant until late 1953 or so when Kaiser moved production to the old Willys-Overland plant in Toledo, Ohio. The Willow Run plant was purchased by GM, who had lost their Hydra-Matic plant in Livonia to fire and desperately needed a new plant. Willow Run went on to build not only millions of Hydra-Matics, but was the assembly plant for the Corvair as well.



I dont know if the following was true, but it makes for a good story.

Not-quite-related B29 Plymouth ad

They came smashing through the Japanese lines and there it was -- a 1941 Plymouth DeLuxe sedan in the heart of the New Guinea jungle!

On its side was painted the enemy's rising sun insignia. American bullets had drilled the machine so full of holes that the entire top had to be removed. But the motor, according to Staff Sgt. Kenneth B. Schooley, who described the incident, was "in excellent condition, despite having a few, large caliber bullets bounced off it."

After the usual rough jungle travel, he writes, "it's like riding on air." At last report, the sedan was no longer "De Luxe" but it was doing a real job on New Guinea. The medical detachment requisitioned it, took out the back seat, put in a floor, and was using the Plymouth to transport wounded troops from the front.

Plymouth records show that this historic car went from the factory to a dealer on Guam. Probably the Japanese seized it there and took it with them to New Guinea. The full story won't be known until after the war - if then.
 
I found this little blurb in my B29 production sourcebook

Besides the Dodge plant, R3350 engines were also produced at the Wright factory in Woodbridge New Jersey. As an aid to help workers morale (which was really bad at this factory), MUZAK "music" was piped into the plant.

This opens up a whole set of questions. What music did this company produce in the war years and what did it sound like. This was before tape was in widespread use, so how did they supply it. Lots of records?

Since this plant was quite productive in the final part of the war, I wonder if the key to productivity was to use this music to turn the workers into an army of drooling zombies.
 

Actually the plant was the "Curtiss-Wright" plant.... It's still there...
 
I found this neat photo. When you think about it, the shear size of the factories meant quite a bit of time could be wasted for the workers going to and from a cafeteria.

Here is one of Boeings ideas.

Caption is "New stainless steel rolling cafeterias are hauled by tractor-train down one of the half-mile-long aisles of Boeing's Kansas plants, each filled with sufficient food to feed 250 hungry aircraftsmen. At stations spaced 250 feet apart the wagons will be uncoupled and attendants will set up shop on the feeding line."
 

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The music being played most likely was just radio. Records would require a company DJ and you'd need a lot of them for variety as the only common speed Im aware of until after WWII was a 78. This would net you about 3 or 4 mintues of song time per side.

There is a possiblity that they used reel to reel as this was around before WWII. However my bet is still with radio. Why pay a DJ and put company funding into a private record or reel to reel collection and buy the equipment when all you really need to do is interface a regular ol radio into a probably already existant PA system. That way the radio station does all the music selection and plus you get news reports as well.... all automatically!!
 
Interesting info there. I know music really can boost moral though. We listen to it all the time when we are doing maintenance on our aircraft. It helps you forget the boring tedious work sometimes. We mostly listen to Metallica, AC/DC and Guns N Roses and stuff like that.
 
I created the attached document to show the B29 production totals at each plant.

This is for ACCEPTED aircraft.

Its interesting to see how the Boeing Renton plant geared up slowly but finished the war as being the most productive.

The Martin Omaha plant had the lowest numbers but had the most consistant quality, and fewest number of reworks.

The Bell Marrieta plant was a mixed breed. Poor managment int he beginning with consequent poor worker morale, hurt the production for many months. Finally in 1945, they seemed to get things right.

The Boeing Witchita plant was the first plant built for the B29, and it shows they had good production numbers throughout the war.
 

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Its a long read, but it interesting see how the economy of a rural state was transformed by the govt investment in the production of the B29 bomber program.

http://www.hts.gatech.edu/cssi/2ndwave/combes.html

"......This paper addresses the building of Air Force Plant #6 in Marietta, Georgia beginning in 1941 as a component of the massive federal program to manufacture the B-29 bomber. Although the plant was operational for less than three years (April 1943-December 1945) as a B-29 plant, its legacy of a trained workforce of 28,000, mammoth manufacturing facility, and cultural transformation in rural Georgia was sufficient inducement, together with additional federal defense contracts, to attract Lockheed Aircraft Company to establish a permanent presence in Georgia that today remains the largest manufacturing operation in the state...."
 
I asked the B29 web group about depressurization. Here was my question: "Were any B29's lost from rapid depressurization due to
battle damage? If depressurization did occur, were the crews issued
with high altitude suits to change into in case this happened?"

Here were the responses (so far).

Orville Blackburn:
We were ALLWAYS pressrurized from the time we reached 10,000 ft for
the entire mission. Yes, several blister blow outs were recorded.
we made safety harneses out of parachute straps loose enough to move
around safely. Sgt Krantz 73rd Bm Wg was blown out of his left blister, sight and all because his safety belt was too long. I have a
photo of him hanging out at 27,000ft.We lost pressure from battle
damage several times, but not a major blow out. We did not have
Pressure suits but did carry heavy gear just in case.

Frank Palazzi
I heard from the son of a B29 crew chief that they shipped over with
a box of wooden, cone-shaped, "plugs" to be used to plug holes from
minor battle damage. Does anyone remember those?

Phil Crowther
Probably so the sound of the air whistling out through the holes wouldn't drive them crazy.

Frank Farrell
We might have been better off with "Pucker Plugs"! Never heard of or had any that I am aware of! I believe that most flak shrapnel holes were so unevenly shaped, and with metal pushed inward, that plugs would have been relatively useless! Dunno!

Al Wood
As I recall, all planes flew unpressurised over the target just to avoid
such events. No change of clothes required, just oxygen masks.

bombardierb29
Frank we went overseas to Tinian early March of 45 at that time of the B-29 I had never heard of the plugs (wooden) and also most of our missions were around 10,000 ft. or under a few at 16.000 and we never pressurized over target area (Japan)

Charles Rees
Bud, You know we never got hit with shrapnel, we just lost engines !! <VBG> Chuck

Hilt
On the missions I flew in WW2, we did not depressurize over the target. Fortunately, we also never lost pressure. One time though, at about 30,000 feet, the heat went off and everyone was then in there heavy suites and the blisters had ice on the inside. I asked how to remove it and was told to make the inside colder than the outside and was also told it was then colder, like 35 below.

James
If it had happend, and the aircraft was pressurized there would not have
been time to get into the pressure suits. At roughly 30,000 ft, you could stay concious for some 2 minutes, without an O2 mask. When I went up in a pressure chamber, to 42,000 ft at gunnery school, one person was selected to take his mask off and attempt to write something...it did not take very long, a few seconds and he his writing was not legible and
he was passing out...there was always an instructor in the pressure chamber to make sure the person who took his mask off had his mask back on and breathing ok, in short order...he thought he was OK....anoxia is a dangerous thing to contend with.

Frank Palazzi
As I remember the plug story, these were early deliveries (I forget
where these were delivered, India, Marianas or stateside). I don't
believe the practice continued for very long. Maybe the crew chiefs
knew better than to even put them on board.

jallen
Can't remember ever being depressurized on any high altitude mission.
We never carried or even had any change of clothing in case of accidental
or any other cause of depressurization. Of course, at my age, my memory is not as good as that which most of you seem to have.
J. Allen, Gunner, 869th, 497th, 73d. arrived on Saipan 25 Oct 1944

Frank Farrell
Re this question of "high altitude suits", there were no such things to my
knowledge. And we ALWAYS depressurized on bomb run. If you remained pressurized and took a major hit anywhere OTHER than on pressurized fuselage and had to get out, the possibility of failing to dump pressurization entrapped crew....all hatches - nose wheel well and bulkhead doors - were INWARD opening and could not be lifted/opened against pressurization. Pressurization automatically equalized at 8,500 feet...and hatches could then be opened...MAYBE in time!

Lee Florence
When we were on a bomb run to Tokyo, we were hit by an explosive shot from a fighter, between the #3 engine and the Radio op seat. It created a fair sized hole, and lots of little holes in the radio man. All the dirt and small loose items were sucked out the hole, including three of my favorite cigars. We were wearing our light Khaki's, and no oxygen masks on. We sat on our flak vests. Flak was more dangerous than the fighters, we thought. Three of the throttle cables were cut for engines 2, 3 and 4, which went to auto cut off. Our engineer was able to splice the cables for two and four, stopping our descent at about three thousand feet. This was before Iwo was taken, and we had to make it all the way back to Saipan.The radio man went back to the states real soon, and I think they may have written off the airplane. I don't remember seeing it again either
 

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