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The biggest flaw in the Skua is the paltry 500 lb. bomb load, compared to 2,225 lb. on the Douglas SBD Dauntless. If we can increase the Skua's bomb weight we can forgive its other failings.
100% agreed. Slower than almost everything the IJAF strapped bombs to, it'll be a poor fighter, but as a CAS dive bomber would have been very useful. IIRC, the Skua didn't have a voice radio, so that would need to be addressed.It is a shame that Skua production wasn't continued after only 190 aircraft were built, since this was the aircraft the the RN FAA and RAF needed for the defence of Malaya, Burma, India and Ceylon.
The 2250lb bomb load consisted of a 1600lb armor piercing bomb (which had less HE content than a 500lb GP bomb) and a pair of 325lb depth charges, hardly a combination of weapons that most people would combine in one mission. May US carriers only carried about 20 or fewer 1600lbs in their magazines.The SBD-5 SAC data shows the 1600lb bomb as the maximum weapon load, but to carry this bomb fuel must be reduced to 165USG. To carry 2250lb, fuel load would have to be reduced to ~60USG!!! That's barely enough for TO and a few circuits around the airfield! The conclusion from this is that a 2250lb bomb load is impossible.
Just think of the resourcing that would of been saved if the Fulmar & Albacore were skipped if the Skua was kept - the Barracuda & Firefly could of showed up sooner
Albacore was so awful (recall it had the Bristol Taurus, another unreliable motor), they kept the Stringbag. Again, my point is that not engineering the Albacore, and Fulmar - it would of sped up the Firefly and Barracuda into service.
I don't see your point about a float based Albacore - another dead end.
The Henley, too, was a dead end as it wasn't designed as a dive bomber to my knowledge. The Skua beat it to service anyway. Fighter command by late 1938 were reserving almost every Merlin for Spitfires and Hurricanes.
It wasn't that the craft was so bad, but the FAA's concepts of just what they should have were so wrong. 2 man fighters proved out of date, and it was 1946 by the time they got back on track, just in time for the jet age.
The Henley was a bit of a dog itself and the Skua gets a bad rap.The Henley was designed from the outset as a dive bomber! It was only a dead end because the RAF showed no interest in it. Its performance was very good for a single-engined bomber, it could almost reach 300 mph, which is good in the late 1930s. Converting it to a carrier based aircraft would not have been too difficult, the Hurricane was, as was the Spitfire, which was a big undertaking! It was also smaller and had better performance than the Skua, and, as I mentioned the Skua was considered as being near obsolete when it entered service, so why not bring in a better aircraft to do the job?
Agreed. Dual role Skua aside, in the history of British carrier aviation out of more than two dozen fighters there have been a total of five two-seat fighters: Fulmar, Firefly, Sea Venom, Sea Vixen and the American Phantom II. Every other FAA operated carrier fighter: Pup, Camel, Nightjar, Flycatcher, Nimrod, Sea Gladiator, Sea Hurricane, Seafire, Sea Fury, Sea Hornet, Firebrand, Attacker, Sea Hawk, Sea Vampire, Scimitar, Sea Harrier, plus the American Martlet, Hellcat, Corsair and now Lightning II have been single seaters. The FAA and Admiralty weren't stupid, but they had to deal with the cards they had.So, the thought that the navy did not want single-seat fighters is frankly, misguided.
The Henley was a bit of a dog itself and the Skua gets a bad rap.
The Skua was very innovative for its day being the first carrier dive bomber of any navy to combine all-metal construction, folding wings, retractable undercarriage, and a monoplane layout. But yes, its day was brief.As for the Skua, yes, in 1937 it wasn't a bad aeroplane; it was certainly the most advanced onboard British carriers at that time, but it had a very short built-in lifespan.
Strangely enough the Merlin managed to not have quite the same trouble powering target tugs in Defiant airframes.The Merlin was not designed for the plod of target tug duties and the engine failures the type suffered in service were largely due to the engine protesting its use. The Merlin was a high performance engine and putting one into a target tug is like putting an LS into a Honda CRV, really pointless, but you know this already.
I was serious.As for the specification, P.4/34, to which the Fairey day bomber that spawned the Fulmar was built, states that "the aircraft is to be fully stressed for dive recovery with a full bomb load (500 lb fully stowed)", which we are not talking a light descent angle, SR, let's be serious for a moment, dive brakes or no dive brakes.
That and perhaps the lousy propeller had something to do with.
Like driving your highly tuned sports car using only 1st and 5th gear in the transmission and then bitching about the engine either overheating or fouling the plugs.
Don't call me ShirleySurely you jest.
Hawker Aircraft since 1920 by Francis Mason says that the Henley Prototype used a Hamilton Standard Hydromatic propeller.The Henley prototype was fitted with a Hamilton Standard Hydromatic constant speed prop. Here we go again, making a drama out of this apparent British "shortcoming" of its bad propellers when Britain had C/S props on its fighters before anyone else in Europe at least.
I am not missing anything because I am talking about the Spring of 1940. What happened after that is a different story. And I believe I have stated, not only here but in other threads that the US or any other Western force wouldn't really have done any better.It was flawed, but again, you are totally missing the fact that following the disaster in France the Desert Air Force under AVM Coningham became the archetype and model for tac air support in a combat environment equipped with the right aircraft. So let's not labour the point about the poor performance of the Fairey Battle in France. No other air force in the world including the USAAC and its equipment at the time could have provided a successful counter to the German advance through Europe with their existing tactics and no, the Henley wouldn't have done anything to stop that failure, but that doesn't mean it would have been totally worthless.
I think my assessment of the British bombs flies very well indeed.As for armament fit, stating that the Henley would not be great in combat because you know British bombs were crap doesn't fly. When the war happened, the military machines of all the combatants were exposed for what they were, flaws and all. Basically, the British went to war with what weapons they had. If that was what they had to work with with the Henley, then they would have to do it. As you know however, the British have a tendency to learn from their mistakes and developed bombs and other weaponry with considerably better effectiveness.
It was the wrong thinking.In '39/mid '40, Germany has ?2? Battle Cruisers that justify heavier bombs than 500lb SAP?
So did scores if not hundreds of British fighters in June of 1940.
Considering the amount of time the RAF spent "policing" tribesmen in a number of different places they didn't seem to take much of their experience to and go forward with it.
Maker | Blackburn | Blackburn |
Name | Skua | Skua |
Type | Dive Bomb. | Fighter |
Engine, Number | 1 | 1 |
Engine Make | Perseus XII | Perseus XII |
Engine Cooling | Air | Air |
Horse Power | 905 | 905 |
At Height (feet) | 6,500 | 6,500 |
Span (feet, inches) | 46' | 46' |
Length (feet, inches) | 35' | 35' |
Height (feet, inches) | 12.5' | 12.5' |
Wing Area (square feet) | 319 | 319 |
Crew | 2 | 2 |
Armament Forward Wings | 4 Browning | 4 Browning |
Armament Dorsal | 1 Lewis | 1 Lewis |
Rounds Per Machine Gun Wings | 600 | 600 |
Rounds Per Machine Gun Dorsal | 6 Magazines | 6 Magazines |
Bomb Load Normal (pounds) | 500 | 500 |
Bomb Load Maximum (pounds) | n/a | 500 |
Tare Weight (pounds) | 5,839 | 5,839 |
Normal Condition | ||
Weight (pounds) | 8,215 | 8,115 |
Take Off (Over 50 ft) (Yards) | 670 | 650 |
Climb to Height (feet) | 15,000 | 15,000 |
Climb to Height Time (Mins) | 22 | 21 |
Service Ceiling (Feet) | 19,000 | 19,300 |
Maximum Speed (m.p.h) | 212 | 213 |
Max Speed Height (Feet) | 15,000 | 15,000 |
Cruising Speed (m.p.h) | 193 | 194 |
Cruise Speed Height | 15,000 | 15,000 |
Bomb Load (pounds) | 500 | |
50 Minutes allowance Range (miles) | 466 | 906 |
50 Minutes allowance Endurance Hours | 2.93 | 4.67 |
Fuel (for range, pounds) | 706 | 1,080 |
Fuel (for allowance, pounds) | 142 | 142 |
Fuel (Total, pounds) | 848 | 1,222 |
Fuel (Total, Gallons) | 163 | 163 |
Miles per 100 pounds fuel | 80.2 | 83.9 |
Overload Weight pounds Max bombs or Fuel if same | 8,625 | 8,115 |
Take Off (Over 50 ft) (Yards) | 770 | 650 |
Climb to Height (feet) | 15,000 | 15,000 |
Climb to Height Time (mins) | 25 | 21 |
Service Ceiling | 18,000 | 19,300 |
Maximum Bombs condition | ||
Cruise Speed (m.p.h) | 190 | |
Height (feet) | 15,000 | |
Bomb Load (pounds) | 500 | |
Range (50 mins allow.) (miles) | 890 | |
Endurance (50 mins allow.) Hrs | 4.7 | |
Fuel (for range, pounds) | 1,080 | |
Fuel (for allowance, pounds) | 142 | |
Fuel (Total, pounds) | 1,222 | |
Fuel (Total, Gallons) | 163 | |
Miles per 100 pounds of fuel | 82.5 | |
Maximum Fuel Capacity (Gallons) | 163 | 163 |
Maximum Fuel (Economical Cruise) | ||
Speed (m.p.h) | 157 | 156 |
Height (feet) | 15,000 | 15,000 |
Bomb Load (pounds) | 500 | |
Range (50 mins allow.) (miles) | 980 | 1,025 |
Endurance (50 mins allow.) Hrs | 6.25 | 6.57 |
Fuel (for range, pounds) | 1,080 | 1,080 |
Fuel (for allowance, pounds) | 142 | 142 |
Fuel (Total, pounds) | 1,222 | 1,222 |
Fuel (Total, Gallons) | 163 | 163 |
Miles per 100 pounds of fuel | 91 | 95 |
Yes increasing aircraft size was a problem. By the time Ark Royal entered service at the end of 1938 she was operating up to 36 Swordfish and 24 Skua (with 42 Albacore and 18 Skua envisaged). The Illustrious class were designed around 30 Swordfish and 6 Skua, total 36. By the time they entered service in 1940 it was 21 Albacore and 12 Fulmar, total 33 as the new types were c4ft longer.You're letting the Admiralty off too lightly.
HMS Ark Royal was going from a design aircraft capacity of 72 airplanes to 50 because of the increased size of planes in the late 30s. And the armoured carrier concept reduces that further (to 36). So, combining roles to recover the "lost" 30-50% in air frames make a lot of sense on paper. And in '34, when the specification for Skua is drawn up, there is no shipborne Radar or IFF and with range of the new monoplanes/range of in-service radios/weather in North Atlantic/Sea, having a navigator made sense. Note: There are no Hurricanes/Spitfires/Bf.109/Zeros/Widcats (not even a Claude or F3F) for reference. So, the fact that the specification tried to include too much/wasn't aggressive enough isn't just Air Ministry's fault.
Problem is that ignores the timelines and necessary lead times for development and construction of ships and radar.Yes, fast forward to '38, with shipborne radar, IFF and latest fighters for reference, the Skua looks bad, but the ABH on carriers does too, IMHO*. Replace the carriers with carriers ones without and you gain back the "lost" capacity" Then taking advantage of fact that metal aircraft are less susceptible to weather and can be operated from deck park. Combined with the other technical improvements and single engine fighters makes a lot of sense. But hindsight is often 20/20 and FAA/RN got to go to war with decisions by combination of Admiralty and Air Ministry from 5 years before.
Switching gears:
Is it a failure of radiator design when a 300mph airplane has issues towing a target at 200mph. Or is it simply using wrong aircraft for the job. My truck has over heating issues towing trailer at 70 km/h, but none when driving 100 km/h without.
In '39/mid '40, Germany has ?2? Battle Cruisers that justify heavier bombs than 500lb SAP?
And that is the argument that still goes on today 85+ years after the Illustrious class were designed. On the 1936 London Treaty limit of 23,000 tons, and operating without permanent deck parks, you can have 60/72 aircraft (Ark Royal) or an Armoured deck to protect 33/36 (Illustrious) but not both.*While the ABH did serve the RN well, I can't help by wonder if an additional 30+ fighters wouldn't have done just as well.