Japanese aircraft were behind in timing to Allied aircraft.

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The early production models still had serious problems with overheating and engine fires. It wasn't until extra cooling slots were added for the A-2 that the problems were addressed.
 

Throwing my hat in the ring for this bit. They did actually!

The Ki-44-III prototype involved longer wings (70cm stretch each), along with some changes to elevator and rudder to improve their effectiveness, all with the aim of making it easier to fly. That was one of the big issues with the Ki-44 and likely part of why it didn't stick around much, while anyone could fly a Ki-43.
Ki-44-III Ko and Otsu both swapped the Ha-109 for a 2000hp Ha-45 - most likely a -21 or equivalent - and 4-blade prop; armament upgraded to 4x 20mm Ho-5 on the former and 2x 20mm Ho-5 + 2x 37mm Ho-203 on the latter. A few were made, but by this point the Ki-84 was almost completed and it just made no sense to put the Ki-44-III into production.

Ki-43-IV was briefly considered and mostly involved swapping in the Ha-45 Homare. This didn't go far for obvious reasons.
 

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