Here are a few more that I think are lesser known...
First is the Bereznyak-Isayev BI- the Russian version of the Me-163. Short endurance (2 minutes at full power!) prevented it from being further developed.
Next is the Ambrosini SS.4. An Italian canard fighter prototype- the first aircraft of the war suggesting the use of canards. It had potential, but the project was canceled by authorities after a single accident unrelated to it's design.
Next is the Westland Pterodactyl, a tail-less aircraft aiming for "stall-proof" characteristics. Only one survives in the London Science Museum.
Last one of a familiar design is the Su-9 (later known as the Su-11). Basically a Russian built copy of a captured Me-262 (however the wings had no sweepback). It was proposed to go into production as a Russian fighter, but Stalin cancelled the program in favor of the Yak-15. As a side note, the Su-9 had one of the first ejection seats used in the USSR.