I do not know if this is what you are looking for but:
Around 1930 the RN/FAA considered the limit for carrier flight operations to be Beaufort 6 (winds of 22- 27 knots, waves of 9-13 ft), a decision based on the light weight biplane aircraft of the time being blown around. Around 1935 the RN/FAA began to train for night operations, with the intent of being able to attack shore targets (and ships if they were locatable) day or night in any weather in which the carrier aircraft would operate.
By the beginning of WWII, the RN/FAA had settled on Beaufort 7 - day or night - as the limit on operations from carriers decks. The Beaufort scale does not cover visibility(?), but there are reports describing take-off operations with very low ceilings and limited visibility - ie not being able to see the bow from the deck spot (ie 400-500 ft) due to fog. There are also reports of recovery operations in very limited visibility, and of very low cloud ceilings. (There is one report from the North Atlantic with an ASV equipped Swordfish approaching the carrier at an altitude of 50-100 ft ASL with the aircraft pulling up to 175-200 ft ASL at ~1000 ft/10 sec from the stern of the carrier in order to complete recovery. Ceiling was estimated as ~200 ft and visibility was ~1500 ft
eeek!).
The USN on the other hand, would normally not operate aircraft above Beaufort 5 due to landing ops being too problematic at higher sea states and wind speeds.
I did run across a dispatch (on the internet) a few years ago that described what the US 8th AF considered the limits for normal heavy bomber operations, but I did not download/copy the information at the time, and subsequently lost track of it.