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By the end 1943 though they were getting slaughtered when going after US bombers; by 1944 they weren't useful at night or by day in the West, so why not use them in the East, given that the Me410 was simply not worth the effort?As we've discussed in other threads on this forum ... unlike the western front, where air superiority was decided, MoL, by June 6 , 1944. in the East it was more a sector-by-sector affair. If you planned to attack or manoerver, you tried to gain local air superiority. With that in mind, I think the Bf 110 could have played a useful role in CAS, provided the 110 operations were covered from above by fighters - as the P-39's covered Sturmoviks for the Soviets. It could have lugged rockets or a big cannon - and had more range, speed and payload than the He-129. Plus a rear gunner.
But, IMHO, the Bf110's were needed more in the air war against the RAF and USAAF in the west.
MM
Good analysis Mike.
I have always liked the Bf 110 and feel that if it were properly employed, it could have been useful all the way through the war, ay least in a limited capacity. The key would have been proper employment where the Bf 110's were escorted and had a specific mission in line with their armament and capabilities. If they had made a heavily-armed version with fixed 30 mm cannons as well as fixed MG's, it could have made a good ground attack plane with a lot of ammo plus a few anti-personnell small ordnance. This assumes a low level local Allied cover. We had a lot of planes in the air, but they also weren't everywhere all the time.
I'd hate to try taking a city with 25+ Bf 110's swarming around that had a lot of guns and a slew of small frag bombs that could be dropped selectively. That assumes, of course, that the escorts could live with the possible Allied air cover. If not, then the Bf 110's should probably stay on the ground. So it might work a few times, but after they showed up once or twice, I think the Allies would have deployed air cover accordingly. That leaves something like roving attack planes, and they certainly weren't going to rove very far or very long if escorted by Bf 109's. We have discussed the short ramge of the 109 many times.
But the Allies also didn't have air cover everywhere or all the time. I'm sure the Bf 110's so armed could have created havoc amoing armored columns or troop advances. Hindsight has pretty good vision and in hindsight, the Bf 110's might have done OK at low-level general harrassment, much as the P-47's and P-51's used to loook for targets of opportunity (Rhubarbs) on the way home from an attack or escort mission after their time to break off had come.
The question in my mind is whether the Luftwaffe could escort them and whether they had the planes and crews to mount a sort of continuous harrassment force. If they had, then the response from the Allied side would also have to be taken into account. In the end, maybe it would not have done any good, but it probably would have been better, from the German standpoint, than what actually happened. The Bf 110's probably had the range to circle around and hit the Allied advance from the rear, but the escorts might not have had enough range to do that, making the venture a risky one for the Bf 110's.
Perhaps the tactic would have been a very short-lived one anyway since 25 Bf 110's trying to get away from 100+ P-51's won't exactly help the life expectancy of the Bf 110's to be extended. If that turned out to be the case, then maybe the Bf 110 was better off retired. Of course by mid-1944, the Luftwagge was having a hard time living in an Allied sky on almost all fronts.
I can't help thinking that the Allies used the P-40 in the lower-priority theaters with effectiveness. Maybe the Bf 110 could have been used in the MTO, North Africa, and out over the Atlantic. It might have nade a decent radier against convoys and would probably have been useful on the Eastern front until the Soviets acquired a lot of Yak-3 / 9's and Lavochkin La-5's and later variants.
That might have extended it's useful life into early 1944 or so, perhaps longer in the MTO, which never did seem to get top-quality front-line Allied aircraft in any major volume.
In the end the Germns were rather heavily concerned with inventing new-technology prototypes and may in fact have been better served by ramping up production of existing aircraft and concentrating on pilot / ground crew training to get more planes in the air with crews that could make a difference. Think how many 109's, 110's, 190's, etc. could have been deployed if the Me 163, Me 262, He 162, BV 155, and all the other myriad prototypes had been foregone for production of useful airframes.
Then there is the question of the real-world fuel shortages to consider. It's not an easy analysis by any means. In point of fact the Germans had a decent quantity of fuel. The problem was transporting it to a destination. Once the transport function was effectively halted, the war was pretty much over except for the formality of making the surrender happen.
Probably would have worked maybe even through 1943. But the looming problem was the loss of pilots. More 110s would accelerate this problem.
Ju-87 and Ju-88 were outstanding CAS aircraft (by WWII standards) and they are already in mass production. So why piddle around trying to convert Me-110 fighter aircraft to the CAS role?
If you want a CAS aircraft produced by Messerschmitt then follow through with historical plans for Henschel to mass produce the Me-210C or Me-410. It's much more suitable for the CAS mission then Me-110G.
The Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse ("Hornet") was a German heavy fighter and Schnellbomber used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.
The basic A-series aircraft were armed with two 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17 machine guns and two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons in the nose and delivered as the Me 410 A-1 light bomber.
During the Balkans Campaign, North African Campaign and on the Eastern Front, it rendered valuable ground support to the German Army as a potent fighter-bomber (Jagdbomber or Jabo).
And it was quite potent as an anti-tank weapon and train buster; in fact this was the preferred armament for train busting, which the range of the Bf110 made it well suited for, especially if used in that role from 1943 on.The Bf 110 G-2/R1 was also capable of accepting armament such as the Bordkanone series 37 mm (1.46 in) BK 3,7 autofed cannon, mounted in a conformal ventral gun pod under the fuselage. A single hit from this weapon was usually enough to destroy any Allied bomber.
More than the Me410. It didn't need to be fast as a CAS and ground attack aircraft on the incoming part of its mission for accuracy, but it needed to be able to sprint out on the back end, which, once it deployed its bombs, it was very much able to do.The fighter-bomber versions could carry up to 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) of bombs, depending on the type.
They should have been returned to the Eastern Front for further Ground Attacks and CAS, as it was able to glide bomb pretty well too.Eastern Front[edit]
Just 51 air worthy Bf 110s took part in the initial rounds of Operation Barbarossa, and all were from three units; ZG 26, Schnellkampfgeschwader 210 (redesignated from Erprobungsgruppe 210) and ZG 76. The Bf 110 rendered valuable support to the German Army by carrying out strike missions in the face of very heavy anti-aircraft artillery defences. A huge number of ground kills were achieved by Bf 110 pilots in the east. Some of the most successful were Leutnant Eduard Meyer, who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 20 December 1941 for 18 aerial victories and 48 aircraft destroyed on the ground, as well as two tank kills. Oberleutnant Johannes Kiel was credited with 62 aircraft destroyed on the ground, plus nine tanks and 20 artillery pieces. He was later credited with a submarine sunk and three motor torpedo boats sunk.[40]
The number of Bf 110s on the Eastern Front declined further during and after 1942. Most units that operated the 110 did so for reconnaissance. Most machines were withdrawn to Germany for the Defense of the Reich operations.
SKG 210 had its origins in Erprobungsgruppe 210 ('Test Wing 210'), formed at Köln-Ostheim airfield under the command of Hptm. Walter Rubensdorffer in July 1940. The unit initially raised to oversee the testing and operational development of the newly introduced Messerschmitt Me 210. However, such were the delays in that aircraft's development that the unit was utilised to develop tactical and strategic practices required to operate the in-service Bf 110 in the fighter-bomber and ground-attack role.
Switching to low level precision bombing operations in August, Erprobungsgruppe 210 targeted Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter airfields, often using the element of surprise due to their low level approach and causing extensive damage.
Some 50 servicable Bf 110s took part in Operation Barbarossa from two units; Zerstörergeschwader 26 and Schnellkampfgeschwader 210. The Bf 110 gave valuable support to the German Army, carrying out strike missions in the face of heavy AA and ground defences. In the opening air strikes, on 22 June, SKG 210 claimed 344 Soviet aircraft destroyed, more than any other unit, for the loss of 7 Bf 110s destroyed and damaged.[1] A large number of ground kills were achieved by these Bf 110 units in the east. SKG 210 flew over the Central part of the front supporting the German army's encirclement and overrunning of Russian land forces in the Białystok and Minsk areas in the early phase of the campaign, and flew in support of the advancing Army Group Centre advance to Moscow in 1941. Between 22 June 1941 and 26 July 1941 the unit claimed to have destroyed 823 Soviet aircraft on the ground and 92 in the air, 2,136 vehicles and 165 tanks destroyed for 57 Bf 110s lost to enemy action.[2]
With the coming of winter SKG 210 continued to operate in support of the army, covering their retreat.
As part of 1./SKG 210 Leutnant Eduard Tratt flew numerous ground attack and fighter missions during 1941 and had claimed another 9 air victories over Soviet aircraft by the end of 1941.
Soooooooo if we changed Wikipedia it would also mean it's true?
CAS is a primary mission for light bombers and Ju-88 had all the right characteristics for that job.
- Predictable flight characteristics. This allows you to fly close to ground without fear of an unexpected stall.
- Outstanding weapon delivery accuracy, to include dive bombing.
- Carries enough fuel that it can loiter awhile over battlefield.
- Crew protected against ground fire in an armored cocoon.
- Can carry weapons up to 1,000kg in size. Hence aircraft was effective against both hard and soft targets.
- Able to operate at night and (to some extent) during bad weather.
- Ju-88 can operate from primitive airfields.
- Rocket assisted take off option allows operation from short fields while heavily loaded.
- Ju-88 was relatively inexpensive to mass produce. Hence you can afford to lose a few to ground fire.
- No bomber can turn burn with fighter aircraft. However Ju-88 was fast and maneuverable enough to make it a difficult aerial target.
Ju 88P[edit]
Anti-tank and anti-bomber variant with single Bordkanone series 75 mm (2.95 in), 50 mm (1.97 in), or twin 37 mm (1.46 in) calibre cannon in conformal ventral fuselage gun pod mount, which mandated removal of the Bola gondola under the cockpit section, conversion of A-series bomber. Produced in small series only, they were perceived as a failure for both anti-tank[49] and anti-bomber use.
[49]^ Polmar, Norman and Dana Bell. One Hundred Years of World Military Aircraft. Annapolis, Maryland: US Naval Institute, 2003. ISBN 978-1-59114-686-5.
Ju 88 P-1
Heavy-gun variant fitted with single 75 mm (2.95 in) Bordkanone BK 7,5 cannon in ventral gun pod. Appeared in mid-1942 in small numbers.[50][51]
Ju 88 P-2
Heavy-gun variant with twin 37 mm (1.46 in) Bordkanone BK 37 cannon in ventral gun pod.
Ju 88 P-3
Heavy-gun variant with twin 37 mm (1.46 in) Bordkanone BK 37 cannon in ventral gun pod, and additional armor.[51]
Ju 88 P-4
Heavy-gun variant with single 50 mm (1.97 in) Bordkanone BK 5 cannon in ventral gun pod. There were 32 built.[50]
Ju 88 P-5
Heavy-gun variant with single 88 mm
Its pretty well regarded AFAIK.In the case of wiking85s last quote it is supposed to be from "Bergström, Christer. Barbarossa - The Air Battle: July–December 1941, London: Chervron/Ian Allen, 2007 . ISBN 978-1-85780-270-2."
I don't own the book so I have no way to check if the wiki author quoted correctly. Nor do I know if the book is correct.
5.0 out of 5 stars Great overview August 22, 2007
By T. Kunikov VINE VOICE
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Christer Bergstrom did an excellent job with the "Black Cross/Red Star" series and he does the same with this new series. He constantly has a wide range of sources which he calls upon to provide an excellent narrative ranging from primary sources such as former Soviet and German archives to interviews and memoirs of participants and periodicals from the time period as well as a plethora of secondary sources. While the book concentrates to a large degree on the air war Bergstrom also tells us what's happening on the ground, the various affects that the air war had on ground operations helps to put the story in a better context and light as well as the fact that Bergstrom intermixes personal accounts from both sides with the wide picture of what individual fronts, air armies, corps, etc were doing. Losses are constantly tallied and compared against what both sides had claimed, many times it is evident that both Soviet and German pilots exaggerated and at times even under counted what they had accomplished or failed to accomplish!
CAS is a primary mission for light bombers
and Ju-88 had all the right characteristics for that job.
- Outstanding weapon delivery accuracy, to include dive bombing.
- Carries enough fuel that it can loiter awhile over battlefield.
- Crew protected against ground fire in an armored cocoon.
- Can carry weapons up to 1,000kg in size. Hence aircraft was effective against both hard and soft targets.
- Able to operate at night and (to some extent) during bad weather.
- Ju-88 can operate from primitive airfields.
- Rocket assisted take off option allows operation from short fields while heavily loaded.
- Ju-88 was relatively inexpensive to mass produce. Hence you can afford to lose a few to ground fire.
- No bomber can turn burn with fighter aircraft. However Ju-88 was fast and maneuverable enough to make it a difficult aerial target.