What clocks are being used for the times? Friday 10 May 1940 UK clocks on +1 hours GMT (had been since 25 February). At London GMT times Sunrise 04:15, Sunset 19:39, new moon on 7 May, moon rise 06:36, moon set 22:27. South East England weather is reported as light winds, more cloud later, some local showers. Visibility mostly around 6 miles. Bad weather resulted in 8./KG51 being 125 miles off course and bombing Freiburg. The Swiss shot up a He111 in their airspace. The second wave strikes were against non airfield targets.
Apart from the factors mentioned, a number of the RAF airfields were new and were on average at a further distance from Germany enabling more warning, the size of the different attacking forces, the number bombs dropped. There were the problems in repairing damaged aircraft compounded by the German Army advances. RAF 53 squadron had a Blenheim damaged by bombing at Poix later abandoned, 88 squadron had 2 Battles damaged in the morning and 2 in the afternoon raids, all 4 later abandoned, but not officially destroyed on 10 May. While some allied airfields were hit hard, most were only lightly damaged and the allies were losing aircraft in the air.
The British were doing dawn patrols. According to John Foreman's list of RAF fighter claims 1 Squadron made 4 claims by 7am, 73 squadron 4 plus 2 "AM", 85 squadron 5, 87 squadron 7, 607 squadron 8, 615 squadron 1.
12 Days in May by Cull Landers and Weiss says the RAF in France was alerted by the Air Ministry about the German ultimatum to the Netherlands 0215 on 9 May, probably meant to be 10 May. One "Airborne" operation that morning was 400 troops in 98 Fi156 to Witty in the Ardennes, another was 200 dummies to distract Belgian defences. French losses from ground attack put at 35 including Potez 63 and Vought 156. The RAF fighters claimed 60 destroyed, 16 probable and 22 damaged for the day the book thinks actually 35 destroyed and 14 damaged. The RAF reports it lost 21 Battles, 4 Blenheims and 5 Hurricanes from its forces in France that day.
Williamson Murray says the Luftwaffe lost 47 bombers and 25 fighters on 10 May, all up 83 aircraft including transports, for May and June 1940 1,428 lost all types to all causes including 213 transports.
The Battle of France Then and Now has over 20 pages (including photographs) listing the lost/damaged of all sides on 10 May. It says aircraft losses, all types, all causes for 10 May were 54 British, 63 French, 149 Dutch, 144 Belgian and 353 German. Personnel killed, missing or PoW as 67 British, 15 French, 28 Dutch, 5 Belgian and 904 German which indicate the ground losses. The 10 May Luftwaffe losses look high but it gives May and June aircraft losses of 1,470, close to Murray's. If you believe the totals the day's fighting cost 410 allied aircraft. The official RAF loss figures quoted in the Narrow Margin by Wood and Dempster have 928 RAF aircraft losses, Battle of France has 934 for 10 May to 20 June 1940, both excluding Norway.
Phoenix Triumphant by E R Hooton mentions attacks on 47 French, 15 Belgian and 10 Dutch airfields claiming 379 to 829 destroyed on the ground, actual around 210 most in Netherlands and Belgium. Netherlands losses included 31 trainers. Luftwaffe fighters claimed 41 kills and actually shot down 25 Netherlands aircraft, Luftwaffe lost at least 11 bombers. The Belgian air force lost 83 front line aircraft including some in the air. France lost 65 (+25?) aircraft, of the 91 first line unit airfields in use in that part of France 31 were attacked.
My reading is a combination of factors kept the RAF ground losses low on 10 May, starting with a limited number of attacks, that most strikes in France caused few aircraft casualties, the still at peace Holland and Belgium took the majority of the losses on 10 May. A major problem for the French was spare parts supply for its newer types compounded by the inevitable teething problems they had, which would slow down the return on any damaged aircraft.