The Ki-34 was originally designed as a civil transport. Nakajima Aircraft Company, which had the license-production rights to the Douglas DC-2, began design work in 1935 on a smaller twin engine airliner for routes which did not have the capacity to justify use of the larger DC-2. The initial design was designated AT-1, and after numerous design iterations, flew as a prototype designated AT-2 on 12 September 1936
Actually the caption on that picture is incorrect, pictured is not a Ki-34 but a Ki-56 ( or Type LO transport) a Licensed Copy of the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra, but powered by Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Ha-26-I 14 cylinder engines, allied code name Thelma.