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Here's the list of British convoys to Singapore The Singapore-convoys
Between Jan 3 and Feb 5, 1942 ten convoys arrived at Singapore carrying over 30,000 troops. Had Churchill wanted to, could a Dunkirk evacuation be possible? Send those convoys with empty troopships and it seems doable. The troops need only be shipped to Burma or Calcutta, ideally the latter so to avoid being cut off when Rangoon falls. Though the Australians may want their boys sent home.
Now, I know this would be a disaster for British prestige and for respect from Washington as their own troops hold out at Corregidor, but those evacuated British and CW troops can fight again, likely defending India.
So, that aside, how do we execute this evacuation? And, this being an aviation forum, we need the RAF to play an important role. Someone has to hold the rear guard, and it can't just be the Indians as they'll rightfully revolt back in India. Perhaps command and weapons can be turned over to the Malays and Chinese? And the convoys need protection, perhaps from the RAF on Sumatra and HMS Indomitable (Jan 27th she was off Sumatra)?
Churchill had already authorized the mass retreats from both Dunkirk (June 1940, 338,000 troops evacuated) and Greece (June 1941, 51,000 troops evacuated). A similarly sized evacuation to India shouldn't doom his government. For the rearguard tasked with fighting to the end in Singapore, I can think of no better commander than the useless Percival.
I've read that the Japanese captured airfields intact, with RAF fuel and bombs, and that warehouses of ready mix concrete were found after the surrender, as the army engineers had been ordered not to build pill boxes or defensive works, lest to risk annoying the Sultan, locals and disruption of rubber plantations. But this is more Lieutenant-General Bond's and Govenor Sir Shenton Thomas' doing. We must remember that Percival was appointed to Malaya in only April 1941. A lot of rot and neglect was already entrenched.By all rights, Singapore shouldn't have fallen, but it was another example of shockingly bad Army leadership. Lt-Gen Percival simply wasn't up to the job.
The two under-equipped Australian brigades were given defence of the northwest of the island, which Wavell correctly predicted would be the place of attack. Percival ignored Wavell and insisted that any attack on the NW was only a diversion, placing the freshest and best-equipped troops to defend the NE of the island. The Australians were proactive, and as well as sending patrols across the Straits to spy on the Japanese, they had correctly identified the Istana Bukit Serene, one of the Sultan of Jahor's palaces, as the HQ of the Japanese commander, General Yamashita. When the Australian artillery asked for permission to bombard the palace, the Australian commander, Lt-Gen Bennett, had to decline because Percival had ordered that the Sultan was not to be offended......lest to risk annoying the Sultan......
Once Malaya has fallen, Singapore is IMO doomed no matter who's CNC. Perhaps a better general could have held out a few more weeks.The two under-equipped Australian brigades were given defence of the northwest of the island...
The outcome of a subsequent commission was that Bennet had disobeyed Percival's order to surrender, which is ironic given that Churchill had given the order not to surrender Singapore, but to defend it to the last man.
Well, there was the possibility that Singapore could be used as a shield to keep the Japanese tied down whilst the Allies reinforced Sumatra and Java. The Allies could then have supplied Singapore from Sumatra via the chain of islands over the Singapore Strait, whilst interdicting the long Japanese supply lines up through Malaysia. This would have delayed any Japanese operation against the oilfields in Java and helped keep the Japanese bottled up in the South China Sea, meaning no Japanese excursion into the Indian Ocean and HMS Hermes not being sunk. An extra carrier, even the old Hermes, would have been invaluable, and the Hurricanes Hermes was delivering would have been very useful as well. Of course, that requires more reinforcements for Sumatra to repel the Japanese invasion there.Once Malaya has fallen, Singapore is IMO doomed no matter who's CNC. Perhaps a better general could have held out a few more weeks.....
I don't think taking Singapore was a necessary step to taking Sumatra. Once Singapore is neutralized, the Japanese do what the Allies did with Rabaul, Japan's main base.... neutralize it, then ignore it and go on the offensive around it.Well, there was the possibility that Singapore could be used as a shield to keep the Japanese tied down whilst the Allies reinforced Sumatra and Java.
That only works if the Allies proactively defend the entire Malay peninsula. A shield only works if there's a strong arm behind, holding it in position, in this case, reinforcement and supply access to Singapore. With Yamashita knocking on the gates, Kido Butai readily to hand, and air support working from former RAF bases on the peninsula, that was not going to happen. If Yamashita had been defending Singapore rather than attacking, it would have been a whole different story. Percival reminds one of General Gates at Ticonderoga and Saratoga, and Yamashita of General Arnold.Well, there was the possibility that Singapore could be used as a shield to keep the Japanese tied down whilst the Allies reinforced Sumatra and Java.
This makes me think of Operation Mailfist and Zipper. Though, Yamashita had moved to command the Philippines by 1944, replaced in Singapore by General Itagaki.If Yamashita had been defending Singapore rather than attacking, it would have been a whole different story. Percival reminds one of General Gates at Ticonderoga and Saratoga, and Yamashita of General Arnold.
OK, so you park Repulse at Penang.We need Repulse in Penang for both its guns and its radar, especially its radar. Unless the decision had already been taken that retreat from the north was the only feasible option. In which case, Percival is the perfect fit for the job. He had experience in planning the retreat to Dunkirk.
That's a non-starter.OK, so you park Repulse at Penang.
Its destroyed by Japanese air attack.
Then what?
To the bottom of the Indian Ocean, courtesy of Kido Butai.Even if a large quantity of evacuation shipping was available, where would you go?
The KB had no role in the Malayan campaign. British troop ships continued to enter and exit Singapore almost right to before the surrender.To the bottom of the Indian Ocean, courtesy of Kido Butai.
You don't think a massive evacuation convoy would attract unwanted attention, like flies to a carcass?The KB had no role in the Malayan campaign. British troop ships continued to enter and exit Singapore almost right to before the surrender.
No more than the convoys that delivered nearly 40,000 troops from mid January to early February 1942.You don't think a massive evacuation convoy would attract unwanted attention, like flies to a carcass?