Which is the better fighter, P-40F or Typhoon?

P-40 or Typhoon


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I took a quick look the above Fighter Groups, and verified that the 57th, 324th and the 79th flew Merlin engined P-40s in North Africa, and later in Italy (later transitioned to P-47s).
There were no pilots with 20 or more kills. In fact (if the data I viewed is correct) none scored above 4 air-to-air kills (79th FG), and only one had 4, two had 3 . . . most, if they had any, had just a single kill.
The highest scoring in the 324th FG was 2 air-to-air kills.
The 33rd and 325th I found no data (just wasn't listed).
So barring the kills of 33rd and 325th, it is a far cry from the magic number of 20.
 

I didn't realize you meant 20 kills for individual pilots. I was referring to units. There were 18 Aces in those 5 Fighter Groups, one double Ace - none of them had 20 victories. I have a list of them.

But an Ace with 20 or more victories is a very high threshold for US, British or Anzac pilots because they were usually rotated out of a given Theater after a relatively short time (compared to German, Japanese, Finnish, Croatian, Russian etc. pilots) particularly if they did well. By the time most became an Ace they were back in their home country training new pilots and helping to organize new units.

Australia only had 1 ace with 20 or more kills (Clive Caldwell)
Canada had 5 (or 6 if you include James "Stocky" Edwards)
New Zealand had 5
The UK (according to this list) had 13 in the whole war (including Neville Duke) I think mostly Spitfire pilots from the Battle of Britain (a few Hurricane, Mosquito night fighter etc.)
The US (according to the same list) had 27 in the whole war. Most were Thunderbolt, Mustang or Hellcat aces who scored their kills in 1944 or 1945. A few P-38 Aces in the Pacific (Bong, McGuire, and MacDonald) and some Corsair Aces (Boyington, Hanson, Foss etc.) who scored in 42 or 43.

So out of the thousands (tens of thousands? how many exactly? Anybody know?) of Anglo-American fighter pilots in WW2, and hundreds (thousands?) of Aces, there were only 51 aces with 20 or more victories.

I don't know this for certain, but I think most of these (Anglo-American) Allied "quadrouple Aces" 'made their bones' in 1940 or 41 when the fighting was super intense (Battle of France, Battle of Britain, early days in the Middle East or the Pacific), or in 1944 and 1945 when the Axis was unable to field trained pilots and the Allied advantages were over the tipping point.
 
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Why would you not include Edwards as a Canadian?

I do of course - his official tally was only 16 victories though, very unusually he apparently underclaimed. Post war analysis looks like he got 22 victories including a couple of Experten.
 
By the way there were 11 American double-Aces (ten or more victories) who flew the P-40 - 1 in the MTO (Levi Chase), 2 in the PTO (49th FG), the other 8 in Burma (4 in the AVG, 3 in the 23rd FG, and one in 23rd FG / and AVG -David "Tex" Hill)

There were 14 'British' double aces on he P-40 in the UK / Commonwealth mostly MTO (8 Australians, 3 from the UK including Billy Drake and Neville Duke, and 1 Canadian - Edwards) plus 11 more who ended the war with 10 or more victories and got at least 5 of those on the P-40 (4 from the UK, 4 South Africans, and 3 Aussies).

The only P-40 pilots with 20 or more victories on the type were in Russia, I think Kuznestov and maybe 2 others. Not sure how many double Aces but there were a few. It's harder for me to determine how many victories Soviet Aces got on each type.
 
Badass kid.









On July 17, 1942 this guy - 51 victory Ace / Experte Otto Shulz was strafing the wreck of a Hurricane he had just shot down (whose wounded pilot, himself an Ace, - Flight Lieutenant Walter "Wally" Conrad (6.5 confirmed, 3 probable and 11 damaged victories) of 274 Sqn, RAF- was watching helplessly) when Edwards, heading home on the deck at full throttle after a previous victory, blew Schulz out of the sky.

Edwards, as was typical, only reported a 'probable'. They didn't figure out he shot down Shulz until the 1970s.
 
I admit to not knowing what you are getting at here. He was a test pilot who tested the production aircraft to ensure that they performed against the set performance targets in a safe manner. I don't have a problem with that and cannot see what you are getting so excited about.
P-40s were incidentally rated for 10Gs which is of course far more than a WW2 pilot could normally endure in the types of seats they had and without a G suit and so on. It's also why P-40s were so tough they were a little bit overbuilt.
This I do question for a few reasons.
a) I believe the F16 is limited to 9G
b) The Hunter I flew in was limited to 7G
Both of the above the crew were protected with the latest (at the time) G suits
c) modern competition aerobatic aircraft are normally limited to 9G

In fact I have never seen an aircraft of any type stressed to 10G, hence my doubt


As mentioned before I firmly believe that the claim of a P40 diving with an IAS of 600mph is a fantasy. A spit almost tore itself apart when doing just over 600 mph and that was a special programme with appropriate technology. If the P40 had done it then the record would have stood for many years and everyone would have heard about it.
There is an important factor to be recalled. The controls of a P40 were pretty well locked solid at high speed, I believe that the speed mentioned was 480mph and the test pilots report on the P40N mentions the excessively high control forces when simply doing ordinary aerobatics. This 480mph almost certainly has something to do with the VNE of 485 mentioned in the pilots notes. You may well go faster, but there is a good chance an average pilot would simply make a hole in the ground.
Compared to the American test pilots who reported that the Typhoons ailerons started to get heavy at 450 MPH, the fact that we know the Typhoon test pilots did tests opening the cockpit at 500mph and the VNE of a Typhoon is set at 525, all point to the Typhoon diving faster.
No, I answered it. I am basing that on the previously posted (not by me) turn radius chart and the NACA roll chart that everyone has seen
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Which is a theoretical paper None of this is what I said and I strongly suggest you read it again. The American test pilots did say that they didn't like the high frequency vibration at all times. It had nothing to do with turning. Neither did I say that the Typhoon had any limit of 4G, you had said the P40 could do 4G and I was saying that is a very low figure for any fighter.
For others this is the link to the US test of the Typhoon
http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/typhoon/Typhoon_Eng-47-1658-E.pdf

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The Typhoon wasn't a good fighter, compared to the Spit IX, but it was a much better fighter than the P40 outperforming it in every aspect apart from the roll and turn. Even here if it was good enough to get a good shot at a Spit Vb then it would be good enough to get a good shot at a P40
We have to agree to disagree on certain points.
 
Resp: Clive Caldwell claimed 22 in the in North Africa in the P-40 (Tomahawk/Kittyhawk). My point was that I was surprised at the low number of Aces (5 or more air-to-air kills) in these US FG. Even one A-36A pilot attained Ace status (his story; the enemy just happened to get in from of him . . . LOL!).
 

I am not excited, trust me. I was just pointing out that it was a reference not to a one time thing, an extreme testing of limits such as test pilots often do (like the purported 600 mph dives), but a routine checkout flight he did on 2,400 aircraft. Which I think more definitively makes the point that P-40s could handle 500 mph.

The G load is somewhat complex, there is the service load and the percentage that is guaranteed, and it also depends on the weight. But it's a well known fact, the P-40 was a bit overbuilt. 10G is not a normal G loading that pilots would pull, from what I understand 6 or 7G is the normal limit for WW2 pilots.


The 600+ dives (plural) were conducted by Curtiss aircraft corporation and I have no reason to assume they didn't have "appropriate technology" as well. I don't know any more details than what have been posted so it's up for interpretation, I have no particular reason to disbelieve it.


The dive speed toruqe on a P-40 required rudder trim after about 450 mph, this was mentioned in detail by many pilots who flew the plane. The normal process was to put in about half rudder trim in the dive and then dial it back out in the climb out. It was considered a bit of a nuisance and at half trim, some substantial arm strength was still required, but the aircraft could fly normally - unlike for example a Bf 109 or the Zero both of which seemed to be only able to turn right after a certain speed.


I believe I understand the source of confusion - a couple of Typhoon papers were posted to the thread at about the same time. this is an earlier evaluation by the RAF:

http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/typhoon/Typhoon_Eng-47-1658-E.pdf

The exact quote was (from the section on "Maneuverability":

"At 26,000 feet, steep turns to the right were found to be more satisfactory than to the left, probably due to torque. To the right a sustained turn with 4 or more 'G' was comfortable, whereas when turning steeply to the left which much less 'G', the turn tightened itself and the aircraft eventually flicked over to the right, losing about 2,000 feet. Below 20,000 feet the Typhoon is gfood in all turns and combat maneuvers, but severe vibration of the airframe is apparent in steep turns of over 4 G."

They also mentioned that a Spitfire could out turn the Typhoon sufficiently that it would be on it's tail after two turns.

Now I don't know if that is something they later fixed or what, I just want to be clear I was not making it up or failing in my reading comprehension, I was just dutifully reading the stuff that was posted (on my phone at the time).

As for roll rate, somebody find something more definitive.
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No doubt about it - I think roll and turn are very important for a fighter, and you kind of need to have either one or the other, preferably both. But the Typhoon was very fast particularly down low, (370 mph at ~ 1000 feet is extremely impressive) no doubt about that, and that mattered a great deal as well.
 
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Well Caldwell was in a different world so to speak, most of his fighting about a year or two before the Americans arrived - He was active from June 1941 through I think April 1942. His last victory claim was in April 42, the first Americans arrived in small numbers in June. Clive was sent first to the US where he visited the Curtiss factory and was involved in an incident during a test flight of the C-46, and then to Australia to help organize the defense of Darwin in early 1943.

During Caldwells active time in the Med there was very intense fighting around Tobruk, El Alemain etc. and the DAF / RAF was taking very heavy casualties, including 250 Squadron where he started out and in 112 Squadron which Caldwell later commanded. There were a couple of dozen really tough pilots like Caldwell with a great deal of individual courage who scored a lot, but a lot who got shot down as well. Clive himself was one of the people trying to make organizational and tactical changes in the DAF, but the fighting was much more individualized - they weren't even flying with wingmen- and the priority of the higher ups was on the bombing, leaving the fighter squadrons in a difficult bind. There were also more targets like Fiat G .50s and Ju 87s (Caldwell shot down 7 of those) which were not around as much by 1943.

Part of why the American units did better in terms of the ratio of victories vs losses though, is that they worked more as a team. Flew as wingmen and in flights, attacked as a squadron etc.* So that's why you see relatively high unit scores for a given time but not as many aces. They also weren't in action nearly as long for the most part. The 325th FG for example scored all of their P-40 victories in 4 months. By the second half of 1943 Axis air activity fell off a lot and there fewer planes to engage, aside from brief flareups like at Anzio. About 90% of the US victories are from fall of 42 through Summer of 43.

By the way the 324th had the worst record of those groups because they were the one group almost exclusively sent on fighter bomber missions.

* DAF / Commonwealth units did this too of course but it seems to have started in the Med after Caldwell left, around June 1942
 
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In fact I have never seen an aircraft of any type stressed to 10G, hence my doubt

From that big (Ministry of Aircraft Production?) chart that was floating around a while ago:

Ultimate Flight Factors (US types are specification factors, not achieved factors)
Hurricane IIc (7600 lb): 10.7 g
Spitfire IX (7240 lb): 10.0 g
Typhoon Ib (11350 lb): 11.5 g
Tempest V (11640 lb): 14.0 g
Tomahawk (6835 lb): 12.0 g
Airacobra (7400 lb): 12.0 g
Thunderbolt (---- lb): 12.0 g
Mustang (7836 lb): 12.0 g
 

Do you have a number for the turning times for the various models of P-40?
I believe the typical Soviet measurement of turn performance was time to turn rather than radius of turn.
As for comparisons, the Yak-1 and Yak-7 are really on the low end of their fighter line for maneuverability.
The Yak-7 is their "Heavy Fighter" and sometimes came in a two seat version.


As I commented before, the Eastern Front conditions were not even remotely close to anything other environment the P-40 flew in. The idea that the necessary combat performance was achieved by abusing the aircraft and replacing the engine after several aerial battles is not something that anyone else could support.
Think about this: Distances over the Eastern Front were short. The pilots often flew multiple missions in one day.

One of the comments in the Allison memo was that abuse of the engine may not cause an immediate failure but may result in a failure at a later date under routine conditions. If you are always close to your own airfield, that may be tolerable. Otherwise, an engine failure over the ocean or way behind enemy lines might not be so good.

The manual is not a joke. It is a guide from the manufacturer that their product will have a predictable and reliable life span under the listed conditions. Keep in mind that there are many other kinds of failure other than the main bearings and some of them are less survivable.

Your document describing the Allison V-1710-39 as installed in the Mustang Mk.I and Mk.IA does not say what you seem to think it does.
The British were only running 72 inches Hg at SEA LEVEL for UP TO 20 Minutes at a time.
That is pretty far from 72 inches Hg for 1500 hours.
Note also that the Mustang Mk.I is a LOT faster than the P-40 at Sea Level.
Figure the difference without WEP is about 40-50 MPH, so there is a lot more ram than the P-40 would get.

But the P-40E or K engine had reasonably good performance up to 12,000 ft. WEP made it a beast but the Yak-1 only had an 1,100 hp engine.

Up at 12,000 feet, the P-40E or P-40K had about the same amount of power: 1150 HP @ 3000 RPM.
Depending on ram effect the critical altitude of these engines was somewhere around 11,500 feet to about 13,000 feet. At that altitude there was no WEP available any more and if maneuvering, there obviously wasn't ram effect either.

Thanks, GrauGeist.
I eventually figured out Denisovich wasn't really a patronymic and found Konstantin Denisov.
The other fellow was the one I never could find.
What is amusing is that another friend of mine did exactly the same thing with the name of another Soviet ace.

- Ivan.
 

You are absolutely right about that. From what I can gather, the maximum G rating that one may see in a pilot's manual is the SAFE limit, but the aircraft can be stressed beyond this (maybe up to 20% or more????). If this occurs a thorough inspection of the airframe would be required to see what if any damage resulted from the "Over G" (our A-10s do this on a semi-routine basis).

A pilot must also take into effect IAS, as this effects the maximum allowable Gs. According to the pilot's manual, an F6F-5 Hellcat weighing 12,000lbs could regularly sustain a +7/-3 G acceleration while flying at approximately 425 mph IAS at 10,000ft, but this drastically changed as the pilot flew higher and higher. Due to changing (or less) air pressure at altitudes above S/L (which in turn effect IAS readings) the same Hellcat would be limited to only +3.5/-3G acceleration at approximately 240 mph IAS at 30,000ft.
 
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I admit to being totally surprised by this, whoever thought that the planes I quoted were so relatively weak. There must be some definition that's wrong. A Tempest was a tough aeroplane but 50% stronger than the most modern aerobatic and combat aircraft around, I just don't get it.

At Culdrose we had an F4 which had pulled G over its limit, I really cannot remember what it was. Wings were twisted, rivets and panels popped, it never flew again, the fact it got back was deemed a minor miracle.

I will now retire to a dark corner
 

Yes there are a famous series of Soviet turn tests which have been posted in many forms in various threads here. Here is one version of it (I think this also includes data from some Finnish tests).

Results of the Soviet turn times tests

Here a couple of excerpts:

Yakovlev Yak-1 (1941, 2,934 kg, 1,085 hp/1,035 hp Klimov M-105PA, 1 x 20mm ShVAK + 2 x 7.62mm ShKAS): 19-20 secs
Yakovlev Yak-1 (1942, 2,917 kg, 1,193 hp/ 1,163 hp Klimov M-105PF, 1x20mm ShVAK + 2 x 7.62mm ShKAS): 19-20 secs
Yakovlev Yak-7B (1942, 3,005 kg, 1,193 hp/ 1,163 hp Klimov M-105PF, 1x20mm ShVAK + 2 x 12.7mm UBS): 19-20 secs
Yakovlev Yak 1B (1942, 2,884 kg, 1,193 hp/ 1,163 hp Klimov M-105PF, 1 x 20mm ShVAK + 1 x 12.7mm UBS): 17 - 19secs or 19 secs depending the source.
Yakovlev Yak-1 (1942, 2,900 kg, 1,193 hp/ 1,163 hp Klimov M-105PF, 1 x 20mm ShVAK + 1 x 12.7mm UBS): 18-19 secs
Yakovlev Yak-9T (1943, 3,025 kg, 1,193 hp/ 1,163 hp Klimov M-105PF, 1x37mm NS-37 + 1 x 12.7mm UBS): 18-19 secs.
Yakovlev Yak-9D: (1943, 3,117 kg, 1,193 hp/ 1,163 hp Klimov M-105PF, 1x20mm ShVAK + 1 x 12.7mm UBS): 19-20 secs
Yakovlev Yak-9M: (1944, 3,095 kg, 1,193 hp/ 1,163 hp Klimov VK-105PF, 1x20mm ShVAK + 1 x 12.7mm UBS): 19-20 secs
Yakovlev Yak-9U (1944, 3,260 kg, 1,479 hp/1,430 hp Klimov VK-107A, 1x20mm ShVAK + 2x12.7mm UBS): 20 secs

Lavochkin La-5 (1943, 3,208 kg, 1,676 hp/1,311 hp Shvetsov M-82, 2 x 20mm ShVAK): 19 secs
Lavochkin La-5FN (1943, 3,305 kg, 1,825 hp/1,410 hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN, 2 x 20mm ShVAK): 19 or 19.5 secs, depending on the source

Curtiss P-40C (3,390 kg, 1,055 hp Allison V-1710-33, 2x12.7mm+4x7.62mm): 18.0 secs mid
Curtiss P-40E-1-CU (1942, 3,840 kg, 1,150 hp Allison V-1710-39, 6x12.7mm): 19.2 secs mid
Curtiss P-40M-5-CU (1943, 3,958 kg, 1,200 hp/1,125 hp V-1710-81, 6x12.7mm): 18.8 sec

Bell P-39D (3,556 kg, 1,150hp Allison V-1710-35, 1x37mm+2x12.7mm+4x7.62mm): 19 secs
Bell P-39Q (1943, 3,495 kg, 1,420 hp/1,200 hp Allison V-1710-85, 1x37mm+4x12.7mm so with gunpods): 19.5 secs

Supermarine Spitfire Mk VB (1943, 2,920 kg, 1,130 hp/1,166 hp Merlin 46, 2 x 20mm + 4 x 7.7mm): 18.8 secs
Supermarine Spitfire F Mk IX (1944, 3,292 kg, 1,275 hp/1,380 hp Merlin 61, 2 x 20mm + 4 x 7.7mm): 17.5 secs
Supermarine Spitfire LF. Mk IXE (1945, 3,351 kg, 1,320 hp/1,580 hp Merlin 66, 2 x 20mm + 2 x 12.7mm): 18.5 secs

Messerschmitt Bf109F-2 (2,780 kg, 1,144 hp DB 601N, 1x15mm MG 151 + 2x7.92mm MG 17): 19.6 secs (some sources 19.8) -20.5 NII
Messerschmitt Bf 109G-4 (1943, 1,454 hp/1,233 hp DB 605A-1, 1 x 20mm MG 151 + 2 x 7.92mm MG 17): 20.5-21 secs
Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2/R6 (1942, 3,235 kg, 1,454 hp/1,233 hp DB 605A-1, 3 x 20mm MG 151 + 2 x 7.92mm MG 17): 22.6 - 22.8 secs

Republic P-47D-10-RE (1944, 5,961 kg, 2,000 hp R-2800-63, 6(8)x12.7mm, 661km/h at 8,500m): 26 secs

Focke-Wulf FW 190A-5 (1942, 4,070 kg, 1,558 hp/1,440 hp BMW 801 D-2): 21 - 22 secs
Focke-Wulf FW 190A-4 (3,989 kg, 1,706 hp/1,341 hp BMW801D, 4x20mm + 2x7.92mm): 22 - 23 secs NII-VVS, 23 - 24 secs LII-NKAP

So from the above (this was all the Yak and P-40 stats I could find in there) the P-40 looks like it turns a little bit better depending on the subtype(s). However I'm aware a lot of people disagree with these Soviet tests, and they don't measure vertical maneuverability.


All true. Also true that the Soviets had more trouble managing the Anglo-American engines, at least through 1942.


They were also referring to the later type (-81 etc.) Allisons such as used in the P-40M and N.


I was never under the impression that it says you could run the engine for 1500 hours continuously. I've posted this link and typed out this same data so many times in this thread, I hope I will be forgiven a typo. Yes I get that they were running at 72" Hg - and 20 minutes is a long time for WEP by the way.

I take this to mean they could easily run at say 60 or 65" for 20 minutes at a time too.


But it could still make ~360 mph which compares fairly well to most versions of the Yak-1, Yak 7 and earlier Yak 9s.

S
 
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