Comparison of the Gloster F.5/34 and the Mitsubishi A6M2.

Ad: This forum contains affiliate links to products on Amazon and eBay. More information in Terms and rules

I think you're right, they're not exhaust ports. Here is the Caproni's Fiat A.74 engine and there is an exhaust manifold just like any other radial.



I now think the bumps around the engine cowl are to make space for the tappets at the top of the push rods. Perhaps these are access panels for easy adjustment? Here are the same bumps on the Macchi C.200.

 
Last edited:

Macchi 200, Same engine as the Caproni. Vertical pipe at the junction of the fuselage and wing leading edge is more than likely the exhaust pipe (one of two)
Using rocker box covers to reduce the overall size of the cowling was quite popular during the 30s.

Streamlining was in it's infancy and a lot was was NOT backed up wind tunnel research. The "tear drop or rain drop" school of streamlining was very popular. Blunt front end with gradual taper/s to the rear.

record setting/race winning planes of the mid 30s.
If you are faster than the enemy how does he get behind you?
Actually a lot of ways but people were looking for simple solutions.
 
I am not making a secret of my dislike for the Gloster F.5/34, it may have been a very creditable design try in 1936-38.
But it is a rather poor choice for trying to counter the Zero in 1942 unless........

1, you come up with a new engine.
2. you come up with a new wing, that 18% thickness is the same as the Beaufighter and only 1% thinner than the Hurricane.
3. you redo the landing gear. (least of the problems)
4 you fix some of the other aerodynamic problems, doable but unless you fix #1 and #2 you are putting lipstick on a pig.

Basically take the guns out, jack up the very good canopy, build new plane and engine, stick the guns back in and lower the canopy and voila
Zero beater!

P-36/Hawk 75 used a 15% wing and thus, so did the P-40.
Buffalo used an 18% wing
The Wildcat used a 15% wing. The Wildcat wing was over 23% bigger in area than the Buffalo and they were close in speed using similar power engines.
Zero used a 15% wing (?)
 
I agree with your assessment.
It is worth remembering that in 1942 the RAAF had to take on Zeros with the Wirraway. I believe the first encounter was six Wirraways against far more Zeros. The result was five shot down Wirraways and one hiding in the clouds until the Zeros left the area.
The Gloster would have been an improvement on that, but not by much.
Letting the Gloster F.5/34 die on the vine was the best outcome wrt pilots, mechanics, design staff, factory capacity and admin load.
 
I am not making a secret of my dislike for the Gloster F.5/34. Basically take the guns out, jack up the very good canopy, build new plane and engine, stick the guns back in and lower the canopy and voila
Well said. But to its defence there was no better radial-powered, single-seat, single-engine fighter to come out of Britain until the Centaurus-powered Tempest and post-war Fury. I wonder if the F5/34 could defeat the best pre-war British-engined, raidial-powered single-seat, single-engined fighter to see service, the Fokker D.XXI.

Bristol really let their side down with their sleeve valve distractions and delays, while what the Air Ministry needed was a two-row, 14 or 18-cylinder poppet valve engine, essential a double Bristol Neptune or Pegasus with sodium valves, better bearings, etc. If such an engine was available pre-war we might have seen something better from Gloster as well as other single-engine radial-powered, single-seat fighters out of Britain.
 
Last edited:
The problem was in the size engines selected. They were seduced by the Sleeve valve into thinking it would give more power than it actually would. Or perhaps I should say that the poppet valve engines were easier to upgrade with better fuel. They stayed with the small engines too long.
A double Neptune upgraded to Mercury XII levels would have given about 1300hp. The question is what would it have weighed?
And you may still be too small. The Wright R-2600 was 42.7 liters and in the early versions was not that great at altitude.
I am guessing that a 14 cylinder engine is easier than an 18 cylinder engine. The P&W R-2800 was the first really successful 18 cylinder engine and they had a crap load of vibration problems in development.
 
Most likely rocker covers. Can see them on others of that era.

Whoops I just realized this was about the sleeve valve engines. My bad.

OK this getting rediculous. I just that all the posts hadn't opened and found that the answer had already been posted. time to go to bed.
't
 
Last edited by a moderator:
I am guessing that a 14 cylinder engine is easier than an 18 cylinder engine.
You might be right. The 24.9 L 9cyl Perseus led to the 38.7 L 14cyl Hercules rather than an 18cyl like the 46 L Pratt & Whitney R-2800. IIRC, the only British 14 cylinder poppet valve radial engines to enter service were the 32.7 L A/S Tiger and 48L Leopard (is Wikipedia right, 48L?).
 
Last edited:
I must admit to having been somewhat of a F5/34 fanboy but after S Shortround6 's objective summing up of its short comings, I can see I was misguided in that. The comment earlier
By Autumn 1941 two dozen squadrons of F5/34 are operational over Malaya.
was never going to happen, unless what if the Air Ministry had some high ups with the vision to see the empire needed some decent machinery instead of obsolete biplanes & what if Leigh-Mallory had been persuaded to release some of the fighter squadrons he sat on in his ridiculous dog in a manger fashion, then you might have ended up with what if Singapore had a dozen of each decent fighter squadrons and light attack/dive bomber squadrons. In my what if, they're Hurricanes & Henleys, but I'd be happy to swap out the Hurricanes for a thin wing f5/34 with a double mercury up front, though Hurricanes & Henleys together makes some sense, but failing Henleys, what would we have for the dive bombers A Admiral Beez ?
 
If you want to blame someone you need to go higher up the command chain than Leigh Mallory.

The British Chiefs of Staff were not satisfied that the threat of invasion in 1941 was over until Aug/Sept that year. Until then not much was going to be released for any other theatre.

When it was felt safe, the policy was to prioritise the Middle East over the Far East. In late 1941, 7 Hurricane squadrons were sent to the ME. Some delivered to Malta by carrier. Others intended for ME and southern USSR if required. It was the latter that were diverted to the Far East in Dec 1941.
 
was never going to happen...
My What'if, as described below requires that the F5/34 is developed and produced in Canada, outside of the British Air Ministry but as a pre-war private venture, akin to the later Gregor FDB-1. Presumably we're substituting all (most?) of CC&F's Hawker Hurricane production with the Gloster, so Stalin is not getting his Canadian Hurricanes.
In 1940 when Britain is looking for non-essential aircraft to send to Malaya, the AM team sent to look at the Brewster Buffalo and others also heads to Fort William, ON has a look at the first dozen or so thin-wing, R-1830 powered F5s. Sufficiently impressed the Air Ministry orders the aircraft to be produced for the RAF for shipment by rail to Vancouver and by sea to Malaya. Given the timing, I am likely being too ambitious on the two dozen squadrons (300 aircraft) by autumn 1941 (how many Hawker Hurricanes did CC&F produce by mid 1941?) but I expect at least a couple of squadrons of F5s to arrive in time to serve alongside the Brewster Buffalos.

And that's how we get to compare a thin-wings, streamlined and Twin Wasp powered F5 to the Ki-43 and A6M.
 
Look at the list of events the RAF had to cover. The France/German front, the Norwegian campaign, revolt in Iraq, Germany assisting Syria and FNA generally, Malta, Gibraltar, the North Sea and Biscay coast, NorthAtlantic generally, Libya and Egypt, Ethiopia and Somalia, Iran and UK Air Defence all before the far east. Something had to give and the far east was the least active, if at all. Move best air defence, medium/light bombers and maritime strike to the far east and they have to come from somewhere and, even with an AH PoD, from the same industry as IOTL.

People concentrate on the Mediterranean consequences of a French fight on from North Africa etc. but the real gap it would fill would be the defence of French Indo China. Japan cannot launch a lightning campaign in the South China Sea with Indo China straddling all routes. By the time they may have secured Indo China the Royal Navy has moved a substantial fleet to Singapore. That is what Singapore is for.

Even IOTL the campaigns to remove the Italians from East Africa, were supported by a a mixed bag of grossly obsolete aeroplanes as was the Syrian campaign, if less so*.


What drove the F5/34 requirement was to draw upon a known and available alternative to the high risk (at the time) new Merlin. As we now know with hindsight they would have been better off gluing an F5/34 or Venom on the back of the Mercuires or Perseus than Lysander but they did not know that nor would anyone else. Planning always assumed the presence of the French air force in addition to the British. In the Far East as well as on the France/German front.

The F5/34 would have been mostly meeting Nakajima Ki 27s and 43s rather than Mitsubishi A6Ms so they would possibly be a more apt comparison.

The Ki43 prototype did not even fly until 1939 to a 1937 requirement. By that time it is quite possible that the Gloster F5/34 as we know it would have been superseded by an improved MkII attending to many of the deficiencies we note today. Myself I would have been gluing a slightly scaled up Venom to the engines but that is just me.

*When you are level bombing with Vickers Valentias and dive bombing with Gloster Gauntlets at the same time as your first jet is flying you can see the stretch on resources.
 
Last edited:
Myself I would have been gluing a slightly scaled up Venom to the engines but that is just me.
A production Venom would have been Britain's first radial-powered, fabric-covered single-seat monoplane fighter since, IIRC the Bristol M.1. Something for the historians to note. As for an all-metal aircraft, a Perseus-powered mini-Hawker Sea Fury would be nice.

Given that both the Venom and Spitfire came out of Vickers I wonder if the two design teams ever shared notes. I imagine the day when both team had to submit their designs to the Vickers board and the Venom chaps are looking sheepishly at what the Supermarine guys have mocked up.
 
A small nit-pick, but the Bristol M.1 had a rotary engine, not a radial
You're right. Then the Venom would have been Britain's one and only fabric covered, radial-powered, single-engine monoplane fighter. As it was, the best British-powered of the sort was foreign-built in the Fokker D.XXI.

I wonder why the Vickers Venom team chose a fabric-covered design. They'd already designed an all metal fighter in the Vickers Vireo. And if they're going with fabric, why not incorporate their all metal geodesic airframe with the Wellesley.
 
Last edited:
But it certainly is a surprisingly small list
Agreed. And there are lots of prototypes that looks promising - I like that Westland Interceptor. But, it seems that Britain never had an operational radial powered, fabric coated monoplane fighter.

Getting back to the all-metal F5. With the Gloster's failure to find a buyer, Britain would not field an all-metal single-engine, single seat radial-powered monoplane fighter until the Tempest II (first produced in Oct 1944) and postwar Sea Fury.

Besides the Germans (who would wait until the Fw 190 in 1941) and Soviets (who preferred a mixed structure of wood and metal), everyone else was making all metal radial fighters before the war, including the Boeing P-26, Mitsubishi A5M, Macchi C.200, Bloch MB.150, and PZL P.11 (gull wing).
 
Last edited:
If you want to blame someone you need to go higher up the command chain than Leigh Mallory.
Kind of what I meant by
what if the Air Ministry had some high ups with the vision to see the empire needed some decent machinery instead of obsolete biplanes
Not sure where but I have definitely read that L-M refused to release fighters for overseas deployment but it could have been referring more to Spitfires than fighters in general. If the A-M had been watching events in SEA with a critical eye, from the time Germany launched Unternehmen Barbarossa, & effectively quashed the likelihood of an invasion of the UK, it may not have been too late to reinforce Singapore. History shows us that there was a significant lack of agility in the way this was handled, as was much of the conduct of the war in the early years. Plus, they did not have any suitable aircraft to use in an effective attack role, though maybe even Hurribombers would have been better than the poor old Blenheim.
 

Users who are viewing this thread