Ad: This forum contains affiliate links to products on Amazon and eBay. More information in Terms and rules
It is not the took off that stressed the LG and airframe, but the arrested landing and the aircraft will be heavier yet with an airframe modded for that. Additionally the view over the nose is terrible and it would have been very difficult to land on a carrier.
The difference in drag at climbing speeds is minimal and offset by the lower wing loading.
Yes, and I stand by that statement.
See the Grumman specs for the F4F-3:
and note the performance for the overload fighter at 7432lb.
and then look at the specs for the F4F-4:
and note the performance at 7426lb and then note the discrepancy between the F4F-4 and F4F-3 at near identical weights! The time to climb to 20K ft has gone from 8.4min in the F4F-3 to 12.7min in the F4F-4 yet the weights are the same! Grumman "sexed up" the performance stats for the F4F-3/4 and then had to back away from them as it was obvious that actual service aircraft, in combat, could not hope to match Grumman's claims, and USN/USMC pilots said so in no uncertain terms.
Because, for a land based aircraft it was probably made little difference to a Merlin III fighter with CS prop, so they left the TO rating at 6.25lbs, especially since pilots knew that they were authorized to use higher TO boost if it became necessary.
P-40 have had its' shortcomings, flimsy construction was not one of them.
I've listed the weights of the interesting U/C gears, and P-40 can simply retain the heavy 630-700 lbs ones for CV duties, rather than reduce the strength (and weight at ~550 lbs) as they have done for later marks. Should do as good as Hellcat's 10% heavier U/C.
The view over the nose was maybe not the greatest thing, somewhere between Hurricane and Spitfire (no fuel tank between pilot and engine in P-40).
The P-40 does not have 'water brakes' - down protruding coolers, like P-51, Hurricane or Spitfire. Should be safer plane to ditch in.
The Spitfire I, on normal boost and with CS prop, was at 2800+ fpm range at lower altitudes, vs. 2600+ for the Hurricane I, same conditions, of course same engines.
Grumman 'sexed up' climb rating for the F4F-3. The speed rating was as it was said by Grumman, for both F-3 and F-4.
Perhaps someone with a good book about the Merlin could shed some light on this and other issues?
with its under fuselage radiator Hurri was a lousy ditcher. Difficult to see why would USN/USMC have been interested in Hurricane.
Juha
The Spitfire I at 2800fpm (6050lb)was about 5% lighter than the Hurricane 1 (6317lb) .
At similar weights (as per the Sea Hurricane 1B/ Spitfire Vc with HSH 1% heavier) there is very little difference in climb rates:
Hurricane 1/merlin 45 @ 6645lb = 7.1min to 20k ft and 2940fps at 14400ft. (Secret years, p303)
Spitfire Vc/Merlin 45 @ 6965lb = 7.9min to 20k ft and 2650fps at 14900ft. ( Spitfire Mk V AA.878 Report )
The other climb trials reported by Williams and in The Secret Years show some variation by weight but probably average to a similar result as for the Hurricane 1/merlin 45/
The fact is that Hurricanes did very poorly against Zeros and Oscars during the early part of war in FE, even CW Brewster Buffalos achieved better exchange rate than Hurricane and with its under fuselage radiator Hurri was a lousy ditcher. Difficult to see why would USN/USMC have been interested in Hurricane.
Juha
Why do you expect a Sea Hurricane to be similar in weight?
Was there actually any Hurricane Is fitted with Merlin 45s? Or is that a manufacturer's estimate for the Hurricane I/Merlin 45?
The Hurricane 1 had 8 x .303mgs.The Spitfire Vc as tested had the 2 x 20mm + 4 x 0.303" armament option. What armament was in the Hurricane I/Merlin 45?
Hurricane II Z-3564 Trials Report has the climbing performance of the Hurricane II as 2710ft/min @ 8300ft and 2160ft/min at 15,700ft at +9.8psi and +9.4psi boost respectively. Time to 30,000ft is 17.0 minutes.
Of course with the 45 in place of the XX some 65lbs will have been saved (from engine weight), but there will be a loss of low down climbing perfromance.
The weight as tested here was 7333lb: http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/hurricane/z3564-weights.jpg
Not sure if that was the 8mg or 12mg version.
The Sea Hurricane 1B (per the data card) was 7015 Ib versus a Spit Vc at 6965lb. A Sea Hurricane IIA would weigh about the same as a Hurricane IIB.
Hurricane I P3157 was used as a test bed for the Merlin 45 in Dec 1940, and was the aircraft whose performance is stated above.
Climbing trials tend to vary depending on tested weight. As i stated, a Sea Hurricane IIa weighs about the same as a Hurricane IIB. The Spitfire V climb tests are also done with climb RPM boosted to 3000rpm above 20k ft (depending on test) which improves boost and climb over the Merlin XX which was held at 2850rpm during the test even though 3000rpm, above 20k ft. during climb was also permitted on the Merlin XX.
Sea Hurricane?
Needs a wing fold for the US. Needs more fuel.
P-39 needs?
A new Airplane? The Airabonita used tail dragger gear and a bigger wing and light armament (cowl guns were .30 cal) which in fact was never installed and still failed carrier qualification at 6742lbs gross and 5352lbs empty. Service P-39s went around 6200-6300lbs Basic (empty equipped= guns,armor, radios, etc but NO fuel,oil,ammo) figure 7300-7400lbs for clean without wing guns (?). And that is with 120 gals fuel.
P-40?
see Zeno's or Flight manuals. P-40E needed 1050ft of runway at 7500lbs 0 wind. The Army fighters need a more runway than the navy fighters. In some cases a LOT more. The fact that Army fighters were flown off carrier decks in ferry operations (with less than full fuel tanks and little or no ammo, in fact in some cases with some guns removed) does NOT mean they are suitable for day in/day out carrier operations with just a few minor "tweaks". For Navy use they NEED full guns and ammo, full tanks if not drop tanks.
AN F6F can take-off in less distance carrying a drop tank and a 1000lb bomb than a P-39 can clean.
Allison(or Merlin single stage Mustang)?
When does it show up and what gets delayed because you are basically sticking a new wing on it? leading edge slats, new flaps, extended wing tips (which still have to meet the "G" load requirement). And according to one chart ( and it could be in error?) an Allison powered P-51A (clean) needs around 340 feet more runway than a P-40E (Clean). P-51Ds needed less runway even when heavier because they had more power.
Admiral Fletcher could request or suggest anything he wanted. He was not an aviator and may not have had a good understanding of what made good carrier planes, He knew what he had wasn't working (lacking performance) and was looking for a quick solution. There wasn't one.
So the P-40 gains weight for the LG and then additional weight for the retractable hook, and that hook must be able to withstand a lot more force than on a HSH.
the -3/4 use the same engine yet at the same weights the -3 is stated to about 10-12mph faster. The logical conclusion is that -3 performance was actually about the same as Grumman finally admitted for the F4F-4 at ~7426lb in Oct 1942.
Emergency boost for take-off probably isn't in the Pilot's Notes for any single-engine fighter, but I'm sure it happened.
Hurricanes were available in North America, in some numbers prior to Dec 1941 so one or more of these could have been converted to a Sea Hurricane for deck landing trials.
XF4F-4 first flight was 14 April, 1941 with USN delivery in May. As noted previously, first production F4F-4's appeared at the end of 1941 with 5 delivered to the USN. Production of folding wing Martlet II's for the RN's FAA began October 4, 1941!! with 48 delivered by year's end.Actually, not that many (a couple hundred maybe) and the F4F-F didn't begin production till Jan 1942, IIRC.
We're talking maybe a dozen HSHs per CV, and I think the USN was resourceful enough to tackle that problem.
It wouldn't have taken a whole lot of clairvoyance in mid 1941 to see that the FAA was short of fighters, and that the USN would be too in a shooting war, so a joint Cdn/USA project to produce Sea Hurricanes would have made some sense, especially as the conversion kit had already been engineered in the UK and the Hurricane was in production in Canada (albeit in small number prior to large scale Packard production). Not a completely likely scenario, but not completely implausible either.
The ideal fighter might have been a Sea Hurricane II with 4 x .5in with 350rpg (or 8 x .3in with 500rpg) and a couple of 15g internal wing tanks in lieu of the outer guns on the Mk IIB wing. This would have given the FAA and USN a useful addition to the F4F that was carrier ready and also well suited to base defence.
Probably it happened. It is really too bad that Merlin does not have the equivalent of the 'Vee's for victory', that will dig deep and really show us the wartime usage, beyond the manuals.
I do find this notion of a USN HSH-bolstered air-wing interesting, although it seems extremely speculative and unlikely to have been effected in time to contribute to changing any of the events of 1942 in a substantial way, I can think of at least one instance when it might have proven very beneficial to the outcome. I am not convinced the events in mind could not have been altered by a differently configured F4F, but need better information on aircraft climb performance than I now have. I have one source of performance on the HSH, and that is here:
K5083 - Technical Data Part II - Mk. II
Any Help?
Any other sources, I should be looking at?
Thanks for the link Oldcrow.
If that data is accurate, the Sea Hurricane IIB was 20mph slower than the Hurricane IIB in level flight (320mph vs 340mph), but only marginally slower to 20,000ft. This would make it no faster than an F4F?
In any case, would the USN be after an incremental performance increase or a quantum leap? The latter is suggested by history, where the F4F was replaced by the far more capable F6F and F4U.
The Sea Hurricane coudl not offer that.
Thanks for the link Oldcrow.
If that data is accurate, the Sea Hurricane IIB was 20mph slower than the Hurricane IIB in level flight (320mph vs 340mph), but only marginally slower to 20,000ft. This would make it no faster than an F4F?
In any case, would the USN be after an incremental performance increase or a quantum leap? The latter is suggested by history, where the F4F was replaced by the far more capable F6F and F4U.
The Sea Hurricane coudl not offer that.