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- #21
No, it´s a pity but I dont have any
Netherlands Air Force
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No, it´s a pity but I dont have any
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- #22
The Fokker D.XXI was a low wing monoplane with a steel tube fuselage covered in large part by fabric. Following some of the standard Fokker design practice, it had wooden wings and a fixed spatted undercarriage. Power was provided by a Bristol Mercury radial driving a three-blade two-pitch airscrew. When it entered service in 1938 it was a quantum leap forward for the Dutch Army Aviation Group though. Until then its fighter force had consisted of aging biplanes with open cockpits. The new Fokker proved to be an extremely sturdy aircraft capable of attaining a speed of 700 km/h in a dive.
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- #23
Although the order by the ML-KNIL was cancelled, the Luchtvaartafdeeling (Dutch Army Air Force before World War II) placed an order of 36 aircraft, which were all delivered in time to participate in the war against the Germans in May 1940. The Fokker D.XXI, although much slower and more lightly armed than the Bf 109, performed surprisingly well in dogfights, due to its maneuverability. It was also one of the few aircraft that could follow a Stuka bomber into its dive. Nonetheless, the numerical disparity of the Luchtvaartafdeeling compared to the Luftwaffe resulted in the destruction of most Dutch Fokker D.XXI fighters during the campaign. Some were captured during and after 15 May, but their fates, apart from their capture, are unknown.
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- #24
In 1937, as it became apparent to the French Air Council that domestic manufacturers would not be sufficient to equip the Armée de l'Air with enough fighters, the Dutch were contracted to produce a cheap, high performance fighter to supplement French construction. As produced, the F.K.58 was rather better than the M.S.406 and comparable to the Bloch MB.151 but inferior to the D.520 and most of the German aircraft it faced. It was of composite construction like the British Hurricane with a body of wooden and steel tubing and a skin of metal plates and linen. The wings were made entirely of wood.
The prototype Koolhoven Model 1166 (later named F.K.58) first flew on 17 July 1938. The French placed an order for 50 F.K.58s in January 1939, and the Dutch also placed an order for 36 fighters based on the performance of the second prototype (the first having been destroyed in a crash) but powered by Bristol Taurus engines. Unfortunately, just 17 of the French order were completed at the Koolhoven works due to insufficient French-supplied engines and instruments, and they were subsequently sent to France fitted with Dutch equipment. Production was transferred to Nevèrs where just one more F.K.58 was produced. The completed fighters (7 F.K.58s, 11 F.K.58As) were fitted with French equipment and their loaner parts returned to the Netherlands. Even had the order of 50 aircraft been available for the Battle of France, it is unlikely that the small number of aircraft, outclassed as they were by German fighters, could have changed the outcome much. Had they been employed in their intended role as colonial fighters, they might have acquitted themselves well against the Italian aircraft in that theatre.
The F.K.58 was originally procured for use as colonial fighters. Instead, the 13 fighters operational by May 1940 were manned by expatriate Polish pilots of Captain Walerian Jasionkowski's improvised escadre, the patrouille DAT (Défense Aérienne du Territoire) based at Salon and Clermont-Aulnat. As delivered, the fighters were not armed and the Poles had to acquire machine guns and fit them. From 30 May 1940, they were used in the defence of French cities, patrolling in Avignon - Marseille area, then from Clermont-Ferrand, without any encounters with the enemy. The type's service life was short-lived with only 47 or so operational sorties recorded; the unit had no confirmed victories, but at least one F.K.58 was lost. After the fall of France, all surviving airframes were scrapped.
The prototype Koolhoven Model 1166 (later named F.K.58) first flew on 17 July 1938. The French placed an order for 50 F.K.58s in January 1939, and the Dutch also placed an order for 36 fighters based on the performance of the second prototype (the first having been destroyed in a crash) but powered by Bristol Taurus engines. Unfortunately, just 17 of the French order were completed at the Koolhoven works due to insufficient French-supplied engines and instruments, and they were subsequently sent to France fitted with Dutch equipment. Production was transferred to Nevèrs where just one more F.K.58 was produced. The completed fighters (7 F.K.58s, 11 F.K.58As) were fitted with French equipment and their loaner parts returned to the Netherlands. Even had the order of 50 aircraft been available for the Battle of France, it is unlikely that the small number of aircraft, outclassed as they were by German fighters, could have changed the outcome much. Had they been employed in their intended role as colonial fighters, they might have acquitted themselves well against the Italian aircraft in that theatre.
The F.K.58 was originally procured for use as colonial fighters. Instead, the 13 fighters operational by May 1940 were manned by expatriate Polish pilots of Captain Walerian Jasionkowski's improvised escadre, the patrouille DAT (Défense Aérienne du Territoire) based at Salon and Clermont-Aulnat. As delivered, the fighters were not armed and the Poles had to acquire machine guns and fit them. From 30 May 1940, they were used in the defence of French cities, patrolling in Avignon - Marseille area, then from Clermont-Ferrand, without any encounters with the enemy. The type's service life was short-lived with only 47 or so operational sorties recorded; the unit had no confirmed victories, but at least one F.K.58 was lost. After the fall of France, all surviving airframes were scrapped.
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Good stuff!
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The largest customer for the export Martin bomber was the Dutch East Indies. The first Dutch order was for 12 Model 139WH-1 bombers powered by 750 hp R-1820-F53 Cyclones. They were delivered between September 1936 and February 1937. 26 Model 139WH-3s, powered by 840 hp R-1820-G3s were delivered from November 1937 to March 1938. They were used in the Netherlands East Indies, where the planes gave a good account of themselves against the Japanese. The Dutch Martins reportedly made hundreds of sorties and were credited with sinking several Japanese troopships. Ultimately, all but one was destroyed in combat; the sole survivor made it to Australia, where it was used as a squadron hack, a utility plane.
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- #27
The Dutch government finally decided to order at Fokker a modern warplane, following the philosophy of the 'aerial cruiser'. Multi-engined and heavily armed and armoured it was intended to destroy incoming enemy bombers. In fact this idea totally failed and the new plane, designated as Fokker T.V, was not more than a medium-class bomber with a defensive armament falling more or less in the same class as the British Armstrong Siddeley Whitley. However, the T.V could hardly be regarded as a very modern type when it was introduced in the years preceding the outbreak of WW-II. The twin-engine bomber was of mixed construction with wooden wings, a light-alloy front fuselage and a rear fuselage made of welded steel tubes covered with fabric.
Front armament was a 20 mm Solothurn cannon. It carried further four 7,9 mm drum-fed Lewis machine guns at various positions including in the tail. In fact the tail gun position was the same as used on the Fokker G-1. The plane was not fitted with a heating system for the crew and since the gun openings were not perfectly sealed the crew had to fly under very draughty and very cold conditions. The T.V was introduced in a new bomber flight department (BomVa or Bomvliegtuigafdeling) and became operational in 1939. Including the prototype, a total number of sixteen T.V's was built and supplied, carrying the registrations 850 – 865.
Front armament was a 20 mm Solothurn cannon. It carried further four 7,9 mm drum-fed Lewis machine guns at various positions including in the tail. In fact the tail gun position was the same as used on the Fokker G-1. The plane was not fitted with a heating system for the crew and since the gun openings were not perfectly sealed the crew had to fly under very draughty and very cold conditions. The T.V was introduced in a new bomber flight department (BomVa or Bomvliegtuigafdeling) and became operational in 1939. Including the prototype, a total number of sixteen T.V's was built and supplied, carrying the registrations 850 – 865.
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- #28
At 10 May 1940 only 9 out of 16 planes were ready for action. None of the other 7 planes could be successfully prepared for action during the May War. All these planes - with exception of 1 at Texel - were stationed at Schiphol AFB. The Fokker T.V was quite a capable medium bomber in 1940. Although obviously considerably slower than the German fighters, it did not under-perform in comparison to for example the British Wellington, the German Dornier Do-17 and Heinkel-111 or the French Potez 630. The obvious limitation of the improvised bomb-racks was a huge disadvantage though. The armament of the T.V outmatched all aforementioned competitors.
Obviously the T.V - that was active as a tactical bomber during the May War - was available in too little a number to make any difference. Still, the plane could be considered quite modern and capable in May 1940. The T-V's flew quite a considerable number of missions. The AFB's Waalhaven and Ockenburg were raided as well as the bridges in the heart of Rotterdam and at Moerdijk. In case of the latter it was the only mission where 300 kg bombs were used. Remarkable was the first scramble of the bomber squadron from Schiphol in the first hour of the German invasion. All bombers scrambled without bombs and with the assignment to assault the Luftwaffe strike planes. Quite a number of bombers and transporters were shot down against zero own losses (although one plane landed in Zeeland and got heavily damaged during landing on a barricaded runway). Especially the 20 mm gun proved a valuable weapon during these confrontations.
Obviously the T.V - that was active as a tactical bomber during the May War - was available in too little a number to make any difference. Still, the plane could be considered quite modern and capable in May 1940. The T-V's flew quite a considerable number of missions. The AFB's Waalhaven and Ockenburg were raided as well as the bridges in the heart of Rotterdam and at Moerdijk. In case of the latter it was the only mission where 300 kg bombs were used. Remarkable was the first scramble of the bomber squadron from Schiphol in the first hour of the German invasion. All bombers scrambled without bombs and with the assignment to assault the Luftwaffe strike planes. Quite a number of bombers and transporters were shot down against zero own losses (although one plane landed in Zeeland and got heavily damaged during landing on a barricaded runway). Especially the 20 mm gun proved a valuable weapon during these confrontations.
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- #29
buffnut453
Captain
Great pics but the top 2 are of Martin WH139s (late-variant B-10s) not Fokker T-Vs. The Martins served in the Netherlands East Indies.
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- #31
Uuuups, you are right...
buffnut453
Captain
Hey, we all make mistakes Gekho (not me, ofcourse, because I'm prefect
). I'm just thankful you take the time to post these pics.
). I'm just thankful you take the time to post these pics.
otftch
Staff Sergeant
Which two are B-10's.
Ed
Ed
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- #34
I have already removed the pictures Ed
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otftch
Staff Sergeant
Thanks for your reply. Thought I was going nuts.
Ed
Thanks for your photo posting. great stuff.
Ed
Thanks for your photo posting. great stuff.
Nice stuff!
Missed this thread. Thank you for this great initiative. Hope you won't mind that I point out some mistakkes. Not to attack you, but only for historic accuracy. It's not your fault, but I find that there are many mistakes in the books about the LVA/ML, especially in the translated ones. The Dutch G.I that escaped was not an ML G.1, but a G.1 Wasp that was build for the Luftwaffe by Fokker.
More mistakes:
- Not 95% of pilots died. It was far less, I can give you the figures later(am at work now)
- The estimated amount of a/c lost by the LW in The Netherlands is now around 450, not 350
- There were less than 30 D.XXI shot down, as there were only 29 operational In fact most of the a/c were destroyed by Dutch personel after capitulation.
- The actual numbers on strength were: 29 D.XXI's, 23 G.1's, 9 T.V bombers, 11 Douglas 8A 3N attack planes, 7 D.XVII's (fighter), 61 C.V's (rec), 15 C.X (rec/bomb) and 16 FK51's, a total of 179 a/c of which 99 were obsolete bi-planes (From "Illusies en incidenten", made by the Dutch defence ministry).
For the ones interested, I made an extensive thread on the D.XXI in Dutch service here:http://www.ww2aircraft.net/forum/aviation/fokker-d-xxi-dutch-service-15060.html
On the T.V: It was quite bad. Had no right bomb-racks, had no protection of fueltanks and was slow. It performed not very well during the war.
BTW, this was not a T.V, but the prototype of the all-metal T.IX:
More mistakes:
- Not 95% of pilots died. It was far less, I can give you the figures later(am at work now)
- The estimated amount of a/c lost by the LW in The Netherlands is now around 450, not 350
- There were less than 30 D.XXI shot down, as there were only 29 operational
In fact most of the a/c were destroyed by Dutch personel after capitulation.- The actual numbers on strength were: 29 D.XXI's, 23 G.1's, 9 T.V bombers, 11 Douglas 8A 3N attack planes, 7 D.XVII's (fighter), 61 C.V's (rec), 15 C.X (rec/bomb) and 16 FK51's, a total of 179 a/c of which 99 were obsolete bi-planes (From "Illusies en incidenten", made by the Dutch defence ministry).
For the ones interested, I made an extensive thread on the D.XXI in Dutch service here:http://www.ww2aircraft.net/forum/aviation/fokker-d-xxi-dutch-service-15060.html
On the T.V: It was quite bad. Had no right bomb-racks, had no protection of fueltanks and was slow. It performed not very well during the war.
BTW, this was not a T.V, but the prototype of the all-metal T.IX:
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The german losses are not very clear, I give you two numbers:
The german losses in aircraft, per type, between brackets the amount that was deployed against the Dutch according to one research:
Another count by province gives a different view:
Statistics for the ML:
40 pilots died (so not 95%)
Lost a/c per type:
G.1: 12 on the ground, 9 in the air, 2 other
D.XXI: 5 on the ground, 11 in the air, 4 other
Douglas 8A-3N: 2 on the ground, 8 in the air, 1 other
D.XVII: 5 other
C.V: 9 on the ground, 5 in the air
C.X: 2 in the air, 1 other
FK-51: 4 on the ground, 2 other
T-5: 2 on the ground, 5 in the air and 2 other
The german losses in aircraft, per type, between brackets the amount that was deployed against the Dutch according to one research:
Another count by province gives a different view:
(source l.col Brongers) This research takes in account the damaged ones that were salvageable, later, hence the higer amount. For details you can pm me
Statistics for the ML:
40 pilots died (so not 95%)
Lost a/c per type:
G.1: 12 on the ground, 9 in the air, 2 other
D.XXI: 5 on the ground, 11 in the air, 4 other
Douglas 8A-3N: 2 on the ground, 8 in the air, 1 other
D.XVII: 5 other
C.V: 9 on the ground, 5 in the air
C.X: 2 in the air, 1 other
FK-51: 4 on the ground, 2 other
T-5: 2 on the ground, 5 in the air and 2 other
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- #39
Feel free to make all the corrections you want. After all I am taking the information from Wikipedia and other sources from internet....
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- #40
Based on the experience gained in creating TV medium bomber and maritime reconnaissance T. VIII Fokker D department company in 1938 started to build aircraft with higher performance. Building of the first prototype began in 1939. The aircraft was built under the scheme svobodonesuschego monoplane with two engines, air-cooled, Bristol "Hercules" and retractable landing gear. The crew consisted of five persons. Armament aircraft housed in the fuselage - were established here, one 20-mm cannon and four defensive 7.7-mm machine guns (they are mounted on the pivot installations in three defensive points in the fuselage, but the prototype flew without armament). Bomb load reached 2000 kg.
September 10, 1939 T. IX first flew under test pilot firm Fokker T. J. Leegstra. The plane originally had the number 701, but on September 23, after delivery of the prototype to another airfield, number changed to 970. Tests of the prototype took place without major incidents, until March 8, 1940 while landing revealed a defect in the design of the chassis and T. IX was slightly injured. Before the German invasion completely renovate the aircraft did not have time. The bomber set in the hangar, waiting for the fighting in Holland. After the occupation of Holland, the Germans did not restore T.IX. Instead, they removed the engines and some aircraft units for their own needs.
September 10, 1939 T. IX first flew under test pilot firm Fokker T. J. Leegstra. The plane originally had the number 701, but on September 23, after delivery of the prototype to another airfield, number changed to 970. Tests of the prototype took place without major incidents, until March 8, 1940 while landing revealed a defect in the design of the chassis and T. IX was slightly injured. Before the German invasion completely renovate the aircraft did not have time. The bomber set in the hangar, waiting for the fighting in Holland. After the occupation of Holland, the Germans did not restore T.IX. Instead, they removed the engines and some aircraft units for their own needs.
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