Range estimation for rifles and pistols isn't really a big deal, Archery would be another matter. For a .22 standard velocity round and rifle with the sights mounted 1.5in above the bore the bullet will pass through the line of sight at 50 ft from the muzzle and then again at 50 yds (or very close to it) and then fall around 6 to 7in by the time it gets to 100yds. Higher velocity rounds will shoot flatter, some pistol rounds will be a little worse.
Most competitions will be a fixed distances, like 50 ft, 25 yds, 50yds, 100yrds. providing stops on the target carrier system would be helpful but are such systems part of your project?
Ventilation has become much more stringent in requirements in the last 10-15 years, more to get rid of lead particles in the air than the powder fumes. OSHA or other government health/safety agencies may be able to provide more data on either ventilation or filter/scrubber systems. Keeping an indoor range heated in northern winters can be a real bit** if you are depending on "simple" ventilation to do the job. Some refitted ranges I know of alternate running the heat and shooting with turning off the heat and 'venting'every so many minutes.
Outdoor ranges for competition with .22 rifles and pistols (or most center fire pistols) can be done at 25 yd/meters, 50 yds, 50 meters and 100 yds. (covers most Olympic style shooting.) Adequate back stops or safety areas are needed.
I have worked at the largest commercial range on the East Coast for a number of years. Also competed in a number of indoor events at various locations (several collage ranges in addition to local gun clubs). Attended the US national matches 6 times and the Canadian National matches twice and shot on Ranges in Adelaide Australia, Brisbane Australia and Auckland New Zealand that were designed and built for Commonwealth games or other international competitions.
Outdoor range "buildings" (covered firing line) should take into account climate conditions. Hot climate ranges should have a large roof that covers not only the firing line but an area behind the firing line for a "ready" area or for spectators ( or students who are not firing at the moment and observing). A solid wall behind the ready area just in case. Perhaps a gap between wall and roof to promote ventilation for comfort. Outdoor ranges should ideally face north in the northern Hemisphere and south in the Southern so as to have the maximum shooting time without the sun being behind the targets or shinning in shooters eyes. Amount of roof overhang, Latitude and angle from north can be juggled.
Hope some of this helps.