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The 2 bladed propellers were out of service in Sept of 1939 (unless in an OTU?) . Granted the 2 pitch props were a bit lacking but the Hurricane I was actually pretty hot stuff in Sept 1939.Not an expert, but they seem to have metal wings and three blade propellers, the Hurricane didnt get them until 1939-40, long after the He 112 was rejected. My post was only about what the term "benchmark" means.
Definition of benchmark:
1a: something that serves as a standard by which others may be measured or judged a stock whose performance is a benchmark against which other stocks can be measured
b: a point of reference from which measurements may be made
c: a standardized problem or test that serves as a basis for evaluation or comparison (as of computer system performance)
2usually bench mark : a mark on a permanent object (such as a concrete post set into the ground) indicating elevation and serving as a reference in topographic surveys and tidal observations
Definition of BENCHMARK
something that serves as a standard by which others may be measured or judged; a point of reference from which measurements may be made; a standardized problem or test that serves as a basis for evaluation or comparison (as of computer system performance)… See the full definitionwww.merriam-webster.com
Nothing in the definition mentions being a benchmark being the lowest measure.
It is entirely possible for a Spitfire or a P-51 to be a benchmark by the standard English definition of the word. A benchmark, by the standard definition, is only a comparison-point.
I'd argue that that the Hurri could be a benchmark throughout the war, albeit that its ranking slipped and while near the top at the beginning of the war was near the rear by the end -- as would be expected.
Aside from the fact that NOBODY used canvas on aircraft (despite many disparaging remarks), canvas used on things likeI don't know about range, but is there any faster dope and canvas covered fighter?
Put three hundred Hurricanes, their BoB-experienced pilots, along with spares and properly protected and supported airfields into Malaya in spring 1941 and the IJAF will have a challenge.A bit harsh on the Hurri I think.
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and from the far east
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The Hurri was much more middle of road than minimum.
No to the 4 engine bombers who need 4 engine heavies when you can mass produce JU88's . If you could produce enough you could have missions enrotue to their targets and still have more planes ready to go when those returned making the 4 engine heavy useless .For 'Round the clock' bombing to be effective, you need three things:
(1) Lots of four-engine heavy bombers, which require a huge amount of resources to produce and operate;
(2) Various electronic navigation and targeting devices and techniques to make nighttime bombing sufficiently accurate;
(3) Long-range fighter escorts to make daytime bombing effective.
And, arguably, there's a 3A: daytime bombing needs its own targeting devices in order to bomb usefully in cloudy weather.
No to the 4 engine bombers who need 4 engine heavies when you can mass produce JU88's . If you could produce enough you could have missions enrotue to their targets and still have more planes ready to go when those returned making the 4 engine heavy useless .
No to the 4 engine bombers who need 4 engine heavies when you can mass produce JU88's . If you could produce enough you could have missions enrotue to their targets and still have more planes ready to go when those returned making the 4 engine heavy useless .
But when your in the RLM's situation you cant afford to waste production on a heavy you need mass produced bombers which means tons of 88s the germans dont have time to bulid a heavy .The advantage of heavy bombers is striking power.
It's why replacing RAF Lancaster and Halifax bombers with the Mosquito wasn't really feasible. The Mosquito could carry 4,000 lbs of bombs to Berlin; the Lancaster could carry 10,000 lbs; the Halifax III, 8,000 lbs. That means to replace one Lancaster you'd need 2.5 Mosquitoes for the same striking power, and 2 Mosquitoes to replace each Halifax.
On the evening of June 5, 1944, Bomber Command had 431 Halifax III and 736 Lancaster I/III/X operational. You would need 2,702 Mosquitoes to have the same striking power.
The larger bomb loads of heavy bombers also allows greater flexibility in terms of the ordnance that can be carried and used.
And your the guy who wants to cancel the He 111.But when your in the RLM's situation you cant afford to waste production on a heavy you need mass produced bombers which means tons of 88s the germans dont have time to bulid a heavy .
Yes it does, your point 1b a point of reference from which measurements may be made. Try measuring things when your point of reference is in the middle, all your measurements are plus or minus unless you disregard the benchmark and use ISO units. And your point 2 it would be normal to set a Tidal "benchmark" at a high or low tide, how else would you know where it is?
But over the russian steppe your going to need the speed of a ju88 considering you have to run from I-16s and YAKsAnd your the guy who wants to cancel the He 111.
The Ju 88 was never going to be the answer to the German's bomber problem.
The Bomb bay was too small and and the fuel capacity was too low. They traded bomb bay space for fuel to get range, and then hung the bombs outside which hurt speed and range.
The despised He 111 could carry 25-50% more bomb load a lot further than the Ju-88 could and once you resort to night bombing speed is a lot less important.
The He 111 was sort of equivalent to the Wellington or the Whitley (not as long ranged as the Whitley).
Against Britain the Germans didn't need 4 engine bombers as much as the British did. With bases in the Lowlands, or France (or even in Rhineland) the Germans only needed bombers with about 50%-66% of the range that the British did. If the British want to hit Berlin they need to fly over 300 miles of Germany to get there. If the Germans want to hit anywhere in England even with bases in Germany they can fly hundreds of miles less.
4 engine bombers are better, just not quite the necessity, for the Germans.
But you need twins that can carry 4000lb bomb loads or better and not trick planes that only carry two big bombs.
The Ju-88A-4 didn't show up until the daylight portion of the BoB was just about over and it sure didn't take over quickly.
Bombers also changed over the years, just like fighters. British night fighters didn't become effective until March of 1941. Russian night fighters never became really effective.
The Ju 88 did a lot of things well for the Luftwaffe, Long range (or even medium range) strategic bomber was not one of them.
No - you're going to need altitude as well, and that's providing the Soviets have the ability to track and intercept high flying bombers. Both later model I-16s service ceiling was just over 31K, the YAK-3 about 34K IIRC and at those altitudes (even close) their performance is diminished. At the end of the day 4 engine bombers were the way to go as they put more bombs on target then any JU88 could ever attempt to do. Although we know the accuracy of the allied bombing campaign was exaggerated, the ability to saturate Germany with tons of bombs were one of the things that led to it's demise. The Germans never had that capability although Hitler thought he could so similar with the V-2.But over the russian steppe your going to need the speed of a ju88 considering you have to run from I-16s and YAKs
A, you need escorts for daylight bombing. The Ju-88 wasn't fast enough to outrun the Russian interceptors. Or at least go very far while doing it. You sure as heck were NOT going bomb Russian industry or transportation points several hundred miles away from the front lines with either the He 111 or the Ju 88 without escorts.But over the russian steppe your going to need the speed of a ju88 considering you have to run from I-16s and YAKs
If we cant out run the russians we will just switch the 30 cal in the tail for a twin 20 setup and blow them out the skyA, you need escorts for daylight bombing. The Ju-88 wasn't fast enough to outrun the Russian interceptors. Or at least go very far while doing it. You sure as heck were NOT going bomb Russian industry or transportation points several hundred miles away from the front lines with either the He 111 or the Ju 88 without escorts.
B. Night bombing. It doesn't matter that much how fast you are flying. Russians don't have radar equipped night fighters.
He 111 can carry 4400lbs inside. eight 550lb bombs. only way the Ju 88 can carry any 550lb bomb at all is out side.
The JU 88 can carry larger bombs but they are outside. Some of the members here have posted parts of manuals with bomb loads and fuel and range combinations.
Most websites have absolute garbage for data
From Wiki
The 637imp gallons of fuel requires a 268 imp gallon tank inside the forward bomb bay. With the forward bay full of fuel the aft bay was good for ten 110lbs or at best 10 153lb bombs.
- Range: 1,790 km (1,110 mi, 970 nmi) with 2,896 l (765 US gal; 637 imp gal)
the 153lb bomb was not really standard size. Any other bombs have to be carried outside and there are only four attachments points. Four 220lbs or four 550lb or four 1100lb bombs outside. The carriage of four 1100lb bombs requires either a good airstrip or a reduction in fuel load or the use of booster rockets to get off the ground.
having to use more bombers and more crew to get the same amount of bombs on the target is not good long range planning.
An Ju 88A-4 was only about 20-25mph faster top speed (engines only good for a few minutes) than a He 111. While your Ju 88 might be able to keep ahead of an I-16 depending on who's engine overheated first the Ju-88 speed is not enough to keep it safe from Yak-1s, Lagg-3s or Mig-3s.
Not building He 111s and Do 217 makes the defense of England and Russia easier as they don't have to plan to counter those aircraft or allocate resources to long rang raids.
A couple of things - first during WW2 it was the SOVIET UNION, predominantly Russian, but their forces also consisted of Ukrainians, Estonians, and other ethnics that made up the USSR. With that said, more firepower is meaningless when you're outnumbered. B-29s had 20mms in their tails and plenty were shot down by intercepting Japanese aircraft. The 20mms were later removed because they were ineffectiveIf we cant out run the russians we will just switch the 30 cal in the tail for a twin 20 setup and blow them out the sky
Please show picture or photo of German bomber, He 111, or Do 17 or Do 217 or JU-88 with a gun in the tail that could be aimed.If we cant out run the russians we will just switch the 30 cal in the tail for a twin 20 setup and blow them out the sky