Fw-190 Dora-9 vs P-51D Mustang

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It was able to escort the bombers from England to Berlin - D-9 was not able to cover that distance.

As for 40 km/h advantage - guess I would rather have it, than to look at enemy possessing it
 

Hi,

you shouldnt forget that the Speed of the P51 is always given with WEP, while the speed of the 109G without MW50 is mainly with combat climb!!

Since late 1943 the 109G also had WEP available. Specialy regarding the P51B in 1943( -3 engine) you will find that it was not faster than the clean 109G-1/2 + WEP between 5500 and 7000m and i guess the P51b without WEP wasnt faster there as well. And specialy in high alt speeds was fast much below Vmax.
The clean 109G made around 640km/h on combat climb and + 20-30km/h on WEP. Thats what the P51B mase in around 6000m, also with WEP.

The climb of the clean 109G-1/2 was as good or better than that of the P51B/D up to 6000m, all over rather similar. Once again you should look to combat climb, not the WEP test.

Dont look to the late war climb datas of the MW50 powered engines, cause this combat climb datas are with less power than the early DB605A, while they also could climb with Sonder-Not(MW50), unfortunately there are only a few climb tests made with this setting, and i never saw a good one(with background datas).
The 109 had clear handling advantages in high alt(mainly rather slow speeds IAS), but anyway, thats later.

btw, nowhere i wrote 150 Octan fuel dont got used.

Hi renrich

When i compared the 109 vs Rata with P40 vs Zero, i was thinking of Spain(109B/D vs I-16-5 or 10) and the P40E/N vs Zero. Afaik the P40b/c never saw action vs the Zero.

The relation of this planes was rather similar. The Rata and the Zero was the better climbing planes(steady climb) and turnning planes, but the 109 and P40 had a better gun power in relation to the oponents (not existing) protection.
Additionally the 109B/D was a little faster than the Rata and the P40E was also faster(not just in a dive).

The P40 had another huge advantage over the Zero, it was more manouverable at speeds > 400km/h IAS, aöso in the turn!!

The P38 had a similar speed advantage over the japanese planes like the 262 vs the late war Allied planes and it was same outclassed regarding its manouverability in a close combat.
But the P38 had the advantage of fast firing long range guns vs mainly weak targets, this the 262 did miss, thats the main reason why the 262 wasnt good vs fighters. 4 x MG151/20 would have been better in that case(vs fighters).

Look, even the "poor" F4F could hold its own vs the Zero. I dont know of many fights where the F4F´s realy got slaughtered, in the worst case it was 50%50, all over even the F4F had a positiv kill ratio, while its flight flight performence was well below that of the P40E or N. But here the gun power vs protection advantage made the winner.

Hi davparlr,

WEP was not like a afterburner. MW50 and Military power was like that, cause it could get used in climb and even close combat, not so WEP, at least not withut to fear trouble within a few mins.
Emergency, that normaly means, if you be in danger and that normaly means, if you want to get away, not if you make a sustained turn or climb to get onto the enemys tail.

Thats why the germans and britsh testers often made their climb tests with combat/climb.
The german pilots also could use WEP.

Actually iam pretty much sure the FW190A was one of the biggest failsures in the "Reichsverteidigung".
I did eat all C3 fuel and even with that its performence above 6000m was very poor, compared to the 109G.

They should have blown up the 109´s with C3 fuel to blow the escort away, then the low power of the B4 powered 190´s would have been enough to attack the Bombers, but better would have been to use 110´s or 410´s, and send the FW´s to the east, where the combat was on low level.

Greetings,

Knegel
 
Knegel - first, whether th Mustang was 20 km/hr slower or faster - it by and of itself only mattered in a chase.

The problem with the 109 was more limited endurance, limited pilots with enough skills to take full advantage of the aircraft's capabilities and the imposed tactic of 'flee' rather than fight - so the split S and dive was a frequent manuever that DID enable a Mustang to capitalize on aerodynamics and raw speed.

As to the Fw 190A being a 'failure', not so. Just because it did not have the turbo supercharger to enable superior airspeeds at B-17 altitudes, with Mustangs and P-47s and P-38s, it was not a design flaw. Such an aircraft would have looked and weighed like a P-47 and been miserable at low to medium altitudes with VVS... and Kurt Tank did not design to that specification.

It was unthinkable that daylight bombing, escorted by equal performance fighters should appear over Berlin.

Once long range fighters were escorting the B-17s and B-24s the Me 110 and 410 were pretty worthless unless able to strike quickly and escape - I am not aware of many such scenarios from early 1944 forward, and virtually a handfull from Feb 1944 till the end of the war. To easy to see, cacth and shoot down.
 
1) german controllers were not that good. Josef Priller of JG26 often ceased operational flyinng in order to assume Jafu leader duties due to lack of talent of other persons. Reschke reports that many times ground control was poor , even disastrous . 14/1/45 led JG301 directly in front and under P51s . 29/12/44 ordered III/JG54 to patrol just un der the known patrol height of RAF fightters with disastrous results.17/8/43 failed to notice the presence of 56 fg so II/JG26 was surprised (and Galland died) Many times scrabled fighters early or late. You can find many examples in many books. Actually it was the exception when the system worked perfectly .
2) The theory of "local american numerical inferiority" and P51 fightinng in" poor odds" is truly amazing.
Helmut Lipfert wrote: There were so many fighters above the bombers that i did not dare to look upwards.
Also: He also writes that p51 was less dificult than Yak 3 but the main problem was that was always appearing in Huge numbers
Reschke: Every german fighter was attacked by 10 allied fighters
August Labert was killed in April 1945 when he and his staffel were jumped by 80(!!!) mustungs .Oesau was killed in may 1944 after fighting alone with many escort fighters .And he was a Kommodore! Not any pilot. P51 always had both height advantage and numerical advantage. Even if there were many german fighters they were enganged with the bombers . The high escort was terribly outnumbered . Additionally the lack of capablle leader formations made things worse because was difficult to form huge battle groups.
3) P47 was unsuited for classic dogfigts. Boom and zoom was its forte. Killed Philips, Mayer ,Ubben, Galland by surpising bounce while they were occupied organizing attacks in bomber boxes . F4U1 and F6F3 were truly unsuited for escort fighters ( single stage supercharger) P38 besides its tecnical problems according to german pilots (eg Heinz Bar) was not that difficult to beat when engaged in reasonable odds
4) P51 appears to be a truly magic machine . Using a low drug wing has the range , speed (even at low level where its two stage supercharger should be in disadvantage), dive, but at the same time can outclimb and out accelarate aircrafts with better power loading and high lift wings ,(and dont forget Bf 109 had not "laminar flow " wing but was a smaller airframe) Its amazing not only in comparison with german aircrafts but british as well . Sea Fury reaches 460mph with 2400hp ,P51h 487 mph with 2218hp .F4U5 needs 2500hp for 460mph(on corsair please correct me if i am mistaken) Okay, p51 is smoothier. Spitful XIV on 2375 hp from Griffon 85 tops at 478mph with its new "laminar flow wing" and its smaller, P51h 487mph on 2218hp .At the same time P51h outcimbes SeaFire 47 wich has 2350hp from Griffon 88 , six blade contra prop propeller and the old ( not the very old) high lift wing!!! All fighters reported hadling worsening as more and more power was added and strengthening was nessesary. P51h added power, Lost weight and Usaaf claimed in its official manual to be 10% stronger than P51D (Truly Mr Drongong said that propably thiis a mistake)Also it has 12,7mm guns that reportetly knocked out Tiger tanks when german used for the same purpose 30mm,37mm ,50mm ,75mm,the British 40mm, the russians 23mm,37mm. I admit that the comparison of speeds is somewhat crude for the luck ofprecise altitude , I write from memory
 
What is the corresponding boost for 75" in the British system?

Technically +21lbs static but in practise the boost guidelines do not translate well between nations not just because of conversion but also because of where the guage sender is placed on the engine. I think British and German ones are placed on the supercharger casing, American ones on the intake manifolding. Move the sender and you get a different reading on the same boost.

Also the German boost guaging (atü, often written ata or misleadingly contracted as atm), is in bar and not atmospheres. Germans engineers always use bar of boost, since this is metric. Atmospheres unfortunately is usually what is commonly used to translate German boost to British/American measurements, which understates it in addition to the sender positioning issue. 1 atmosphere is 14.5 PSI but 1 bar is 14.7 PSI.

German fuels (particularly synthetic fuels) were actually very high quality which is not reflected in their Engine Method Octane ratings. The guy who restored that famous A-8 that goes to airshows told me at the Luftwaffe Experten site iirc when I asked him that his research showed German C3 towards the end of the war has the same effective octane characteristics as 150 grade in practise, due to its continued development in additives and so forth throughout the war. He said this was particularly important information he had to find out when he was restoring the Focke Wulf.

Knegel - the US did not have 'overwhelming' air superiority in numbers of strategic fighters until perhaps Dec 1944 and certainly after Bodenplatte.

I'm going to go with the listed figures of some 12,000 Allied combat aircraft covering the D-day invasion versus some 300 fighters available to counter them. There is simply no question that from mid-1944 the Allies had overwhelming air supremacy over the entirety of occupied Europe and the Reich, the very fact so many German aircraft were shot down by friendly fire during Bodenplatte is testament to this. All German AAA gunners by that time were already cultured by experience to simply assume any large formation of aircraft were Allied.

seriously, like WTF are you trying to claim?

Also I think that in the context of what Knegel is suggesting with the Fw-190A he is quite correct. The performance of the BMW really dropped off and quite dramatically from 5000m, which is the average combat height in the west compared to something like 2500m in the east. The BMW's best performance is really under 1000m, a bomb laden F-8 or F-9 at sea level is so quick at ladedruck a non water-injected Thunderbolt flying clean can't catch one. But once altitude gets to 4-5000m a Dora is better and from 5000m a Ta-C is better again.
 
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Hello Vanir
Quote:"the very fact so many German aircraft were shot down by friendly fire during Bodenplatte is testament to this."

That's not a fact but a myth, originating from Galland I think. But there were some LW losses to German AAA, more on question that so big German formations were seldom seen near frontlines.

Hello Jim
Helmut Lipfert never fought in Reich defence, that is what Drgondog is speaking on. Lipfert's few encounters with Mustangs were against 15 AF over Rumania.

Juha
 
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Hi,

the FW190A wasnt a failsure in the design, but in combination with its engine it was a failsure for the home defence, which took place mainly in high alt. As i wrote, they should have use the C3 fuel for the 109´s to allow them to fight on even therms with the escort, then, more close to the target, all other heavy armned fighters could have done their job. Strangewise there was not a single complete JG or even Gruppe in late 43/early 44 to fight only the fighters.
They realy thought its enough to keep the escort buisy, with a few top cover fighters, they dont saw the need to destroy the fighters. Bad mistake.

Lipfert, same like Hartmann fought only short time in the home defence, but what they describe fit exact to what other home defence unit pilots wrote.

The JG302 also fought long time mainly vs the 15th airforce, comming from Italy, still it was home defence.

I only know a few storys where P51´s got into a bee swarm of 109´s, while there are hundrets of storys where single german fighters got hunted down by many P51´s.

The tactic to run away, using a split S to get away was mainly caused by inexperienced pilots in overloaded fighters. A 109G with 30mm´s under the wing wont manouver very good in high alt, specialy not alone(wingi lost after the attack to the bombers) vs severel enemys out of a disadvanced position.

Many pilots of the home defence units was unexperienced, in case of the JG30x, the pilots dont had any fighter combat training, most pilots was bomber pilots, educated to fly and navigate at night.
The tactics used so successfull since spain couldnt get used anymore, thistactics was good for escort and sweeps, if you get the order to intercept the bombers instead, its just a holeless task.

Herr Meyer(former Göring) and his Ostmark idol was just to stupid, if they dont listen to their experienced fontline leaders, even the best pilots and planes cant win.

Greetings,

Knegel
 

I doubt that was a myth, in different books i did read that at least one unit lost 20 fighters to friendly fire and several other units lost also some.
 
Hello Knegel
according to Manrho's and Pütz' Bodenplatte, IMHO the best book on subject, only 5% (15 fighters) of LW fighter losses during the operation was by German flak plus 2 Ju 88s. And they solved the fate of 292 individual fighters.

Juha
 
Hello,

thats realy intersting, cause most books i have say between 70 and 85 losses by friendly fire.
But as we know, many writers just take datas from others(like we are used to do).

Greetings,

Knege
 
 
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Jim, not that it really matters but both F4U1 and F6F3 had two stage, two speed superchargers and service ceilings of more than 36000 feet. Plus F4U1 carried 361 gallons of internal fuel. It is a common misconception that they were limited to low and medium altitude operation. The F4U5 had 2300 HP at takeoff and a Vmax of 465-470 mph with a service ceiling of 41400 feet.
 

It would be neat if you post some good data about speed of Me-109G-6 P-51B/C/D, on both military and WEP, so we could compare. But even if I agree that 109g(-6?) was able to do 660-670 on wep, it's still cca 40 km/h slower that P-51B/C/D.

The climb of the clean 109G-1/2 was as good or better than that of the P51B/D up to 6000m, all over rather similar. Once again you should look to combat climb, not the WEP test.

Again, even if I agree about your, hm, instruction about what power setting to see for climb rate, the Mustang puts it good range into an advantage - Me-109 need to climb 1st, while P-51 is already on it's best altitude.
BTW, there is no much point in comparison of heaviest Mustangs with lightest Gustavs for climb rate.

That claim Bf-109 had advantage in handling in high altitude need some good backing
btw, nowhere i wrote 150 Octan fuel dont got used.

Okay
 

Agreed - and back to our discussion - aircraft close to equal, poor tactics and leadership from Goering and Hitler, enormous attrition in the Battle of Germany (air), attacks on Petroleum/Chemical, poorly trained recruits, loss of keey Geschwader, Gruppe, Staffel and Rotte leaders in piles during first half of 1944

All made discussions about the relative 'superiority/inferiority of the fighters somewhat meaningless.
 

What you quote is one plane low on fuel (around 3800kg) and the other is on WEP. for the -7 engine 67HG was WEP until mid 1944 and the still if no 150 octan fuel was available.
How much the weight influence the climb and speed, you can see in another P51B test on 67HG WEP, with 9200lb.

SL 3187ft/min 371mph
10k 3380ft/min 407mph
20k 2715ft/min 416mph
30k 2015ft/min 443 mph

And if we then take a clean 109G1(3040kg) we get this with combat and climb:
G1
SL 4100ft/min 326mph
10k 3850ft/min 362mph
20k 3100ft/min 398mph
30k 1633ft/min 398mph

With WEP the plane had around 150PS more power at SL and 125 at rated alt.


A after burner could get used in a climb, with WEP the engine would overheat and you risk to damage it rather fast. Highspeed is needed to cool the engine, and even then the usage is only allowed for short period, unlike to MW50 or C3 injection.



Energy advantage is relative to the flight position and can swap within a millisec, where much but not enough kinetic energy can bring you into a very bad position, when you overshoot the enemy, or zoom up and the other can stay on your tail and shoot you down, cause the distance dont increase fast enough(bullets are always faster).

The allied HQ wasnt as stupid as the german HQ, when they started the bomb raids again in early 44, there was already enough mustangs available to outnumber the german topcover, if there was one at all, in big degrees and the other heavy armned fighters wasnt dangerus for them anyway.
Vs the heavy armned german 109´s and 190´s anyway, the P51 and even the P47 and P38 was superior, thats a fact, and most german fighters at that time was heavyly armned and/or protected to attack the bombers. A mentioned before, the german HQ used the wrong tactics. Instead to use the VERY CLEAN 109G-1 or G-2 to fight the fighters, they produced the G-5/6 with bad bubbles and made it more heavy and so slow and less good climbing. Additionally they amrned it with 2 x 20mm or even 30mm´s.


Nothing wrong with boom and zoom. An analysis by military, Navy, AAF, Brits, and company pilots in 1944 selected the P-47 as the best allied fighter above 25k ft.

Thats not full rated power, thats WEP.

The Bf-109 was not noted as a very clean machine until the K came along.
The 109F, G1, G6-AS , G10 and K was known as very clean plane. Actually only the G-6 and G-14 was known to have to many bubbles.
Without the clean design the 109 would have been not nearly that fast with that engine and that low octan fuel. What was in theory possible, if the FW190 wouldnt have needed the C3 fuel even more, you can see if you look to the DB601N and DB605D with C3 fuel. The low power of the DB605A with C4 fuel was the 109´s main problem.

The Spitfire was not as efficient as the P-51. The P-51 with the same merlin as the Spit, was 30 mph faster at SL (as I've read somewhere).
At same time the Spitfire did climb 1000-1500ft/min faster.


Actually i dont see many people claiming the P51 wasnt a good fighter, but appart from its range it wasnt a outstanding super fighter. Without the Bombers and the stupid tactics of the Luftwaffe it would have had a real hard time. Like it was even the P38J or P47D with that range would have ruled the sky over germany. The heavy armned and tough 4-mots and the inability to find the right tactic vs them and its escort was the cause of the Luftwaffes downfall over the Reich.
The P51 was there when it was needed and its performence was good enough to be equal to the clean german fighters and better than that of the heavy armned fighters.
The best escort fighter of the war and when low on fuel even a good dogfighter.

Greetings,

Knegel
 

Why would we talk about G-1, in late 1943 time frame, with WEP atop of that??
 

Jim - just a personal observation. I grew up as a son of an ace and have engaged with quite a few German experten including Rall and Goering and Steinhoff. As I studied more, listened more, I realized that a.) the constantly offered explanation that the Allies always had numerical superiority in a battle was simply not possible, and b.) the loss ratios were due not to German aircraft inferiority but both the declining skills and experience as well as stupid high command orders from Goering.

If you wish to objectively look at the air battles you must always consider the fact base from both sides of the Battles. The 8th AF executed Squadron, Group, Divion and Air Force Summaries after every mission. The detail the order of battle, the losses by type (Fighter, flak, Ditch, unk, mid air collision), the location and units engaged at every stage of the mission.

If you look at these in detail you will see that even when 1500 Bombers and 700 fighters left England - only a very few combat units actually engaged with German fighters - even though there were big battles fought in discrete areas along an 80-100 mile bomber stream.

The Allies had overwhelming strength compared to Germany, but as you proceeded farther into Axis territory, the strength of the LW grew while the Allies shrunk. The reason for this in 1943 and through May 1944 is that the dominant majority fighter was the P-47. It did not have the range to go past Dummer Lake in March 1944 so was used solely for Penetration and Withdrawl Escort. ONLY the Mustangs and Lightnings could go to Brunswick, Berlin, Leipzig, Munich, Ludwigshafen and they were less than 250 total in number over the target through April and roughly divided by a third for each separate Bomb division of 350-500 bombers per target area (usually wide spaces apart.

It was EXTREMELY unusual for two fighter groups to battle a large German force at the same time in the same general 50 mile area.
 
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A few points on comparisons;

WEP is only available below rated altitudes. At rated altitude the supercharger is maxed out and cannot supply anymore air. At several thousand feet below rated altitude the air is a little denser and the supercharger can supply more air and the lower you go the the denser the air gets and the more air the supercharger can supply. This is where the WEP rating comes from. Up to the limits of the engine.


Speed and climb of Mustang vs Spitfire:

Speed is thrust vs drag. Mustang wins.

Climb is excess thrust vs weight after a certain flight speed is reached. A lighter but higher drag aircraft can easily out climb a heavier but lower drag aircraft. Another thing is that climb rates were usually established at speeds below 200mph where the drag is 1/4 the drag at 400mph so the amount of power going to drag is not going to be that far apart for the two aircraft.

Some of the German power boosting systems also had limits. it may not have been 5 minutes (although some early versions on 601s had a clockwork device that limited it to ONE minute)
The 1946 Jane's (which may not be accurate) gives the following for MW50
"...used to obtain extra power below rated altitude of the engine.."
"..increased power could be used for a maximum of 10 minutes at a time, and at least 5 minutes had to elapse between succesive periods of operation. At this increased power the sparking-plugs had a life of 15 to 30 hours."
"on the 109, injection into the supercharger of the DB605AM engine was at the rate of of approximately 35 gallons per hour. The normal fuel consumption at the take-off rating was 106 gallons per hour,but this was increased to 141 gallons per hour when using the MW 50 system with higher boost pressure"

The C3 injection system only increased power below the rated altitude.
 

Yep, its just a "what if" discussion.

Btw, if there was just a few P51 fighters, but so high losses on the german side in Jan-June 44, why are there so few high scoring US Aces in the 8th airforce??
Afaik there was a lot of shared kills, what indicates that at least two planes was attacking one.

Afaik the fighters was sweeping in rather smal groups alongside the long bomber trail to have fighters every where to be able to disturb the initial attack, to prevent a mass attack to the bombers. But due to the perfect communication between the US bombers and fighters, in general the initial disadvanatge turned very fast into a advanatge, cause once the other squdrons could get called to help, and in most cases it was like that.
Thats actually what many german pilots also wrote.
So already with two groups (70-100 planes) it was very fast a locat advantage. Seldom more than two german Groups got contact to the bombers at same time. In most cases they came one after the next, where the missing possibility to talk to each other was a real handy cap to organisate a concentrated mass attack. When this did happen, or when the escort realy wasnt there, the bomber groups in this area got rather high losses. But that wasnt normal.
Once the big attacking formation of the german group was splitted, the Bombers probably shot as many german fighters down as the escort.

Greetings,

Knegel
 

Your comments about boost/critical altitude - dead on, as usual.
 

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