AEAF stripes were removed from upper surfaces, and upper and lower wing surfaces, by roughly early to mid July, commencing with upper surfaces. Those aircraft coming on strength at or after this time, only had the stripes on the lower fuselage.
The colour photo posted was taken in early September 1944, on Runway 28 at Boxted, UK, and this was one of the first three 'bubbletop' P-47s received by the Group (called 'Superbolts' by the pilots) who, up until then, had flown the 'razorback' variant. Therefore, this aircraft never had wing stripes, as evidenced also by the absence of 'washable' paint traces where the stripes would have been removed.
Saved you a tricky paint job!