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Law of Conservation of Momentum - the momentum of the hammer head (mass X velocity) cannot vanish when it strikes the lead (or anything else) the energy is transfered to the lead atoms which increase their velocity and are displaced. The increased velocity of the lead atoms is sensed as a temperature increase.
When you stop your car, the brakes get hot. The car's momentum goes into the brakes whose atoms/molecules must increase their velocity as the car's momentum is transfered into the brakes. The same with all momentum changes